Callus Induction of Kiwifruit Plant Actinidia deliciosa In Vitro

Abstract

The study has been conducted in the tissue and plant cells culture laboratory of the college of Agriculture and Forestry at the university of Mosul in 2013-2014 to test the effects of both of Kinetin (Kin) with concentrations of (0, 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0) mg.L-1, and 2,4-dichlorophenoxy with concentrations of (0 , 0.5) mg.L-1, in addition to various concentrations of sucrose (25, 30, 60, , 80) g.L-1 and phenylalanine (0 , 10) mg.L-1, on the growth and development of Kiwifruit plant (cultivar : Bruno) callus after five weeks of culture . the results have shown Significant variations between the studied factors of both fresh and dry weight of the callus. The addition of Kin at the concentrations (0.5 , 1.0 , 2.0)mg.L-1 gave the highest Significant difference in fresh weight that reached (59.44, 69.01, 37.79)mg respectively, compared to the control treatment. whereas treatment with 2,4-D at concentration of 0.5 mg.L-1 gave highest results that reached 61.15mg of fresh weight compared to the control treatment that. the treatment by adding Kin and 2,4-D in a concentration of 0.5mg/L-1 also surpassed by increasing the dry weight of the callus that reached the values (25.117, 20.009)mg respectively, compared to other concentrations. As for the interaction between Kin and 2,4-D at a concentration of 0.5mg.L-1 , it gave the highest values in both fresh and dry weight that reached (98.21, 39.360)mg respectively. The results also showed that the addition of sucrose the medium in a concentration of 30g.L-1 gave a maximum fresh weight that reached 179.49mg. whereas the addition of sucrose in concentrations of (30, 60, 80) g.L-1 gave the highest values in the dry weight that reached (43.268, 37.352, 33.765)mg respectively, compared control treatment. While the addition of phenylalanine led to Significant variations when added in a concentration of 10mg.L-1, causing increment in both fresh and dry weight that reached (163.98 , 40.741)mg respectively, compared to the Comparative treatment that gave less values of (86.75, 22.939)mg respectively. Whereas the interaction between these factors led to significant results. in which, the interaction treatment using sucrose in a concentration of 30g.L-1 and phenylalanine in a concentration of 10mg.L-1 led to the highest results in both fresh and dry weight which reached (237.04, 52.877)mg respectively, compared to other treatments.