Kamalian Diplomacy and its Role in Declining the Treaty of Sevre 1920-1922

Abstract

The Othman State fought WWI 1914-18 alongside with Germany while it was weak and exhausted. Its heavy legacy was shared by the coalition countries. Those countries made a secret treaty during the course of the war to divide that legacy among them. When the war ended this treaty was put in action especially in the peace conference in Paris which enforced the Treaty of Sèvres. The Turkish people refused the will of those countries and led the Turkish independence war which took two courses. The first was to eliminate internal enemies of the Turkish patriotic movement; and the second was to face foreign occupations of Turkish soil. The Turkish patriotic movement was able to achieve military victory on both sides. It forced the international forces to make an agreement to achieve a diplomatic victory. Due to the changes in the Turkish scene, those powers were forced to held many conferences to review the Treaty of Sèvres in attempt to amend it. The Kamalian presence was prominent in those conferences. He was able to force the international powers to admit the rights of the Turkish people. When there was a hardship in the attitudes, the military solution was available to support the negotiations. The victory of the Turkish army on Greece forced the coalition countries to sit down with the Turkish government and admit the rights of the people by declining the Treaty of Sèvres and negotiating peace.