NANOGEL AS A UNIQUE TREND OF NANO-DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM

Abstract

Nanogels are known as small (20–200 nm) swollen particles made of flexible hydrophilic polymernetworks that are chemically or physically cross-linked. The nanogels network makes a promisingsystem for ideal drug delivery due to the unique characteristics of nanogels, such as high drugloading capacity, ease of preparation, stability, adjustable size, uniformity, and minimal toxicity.Additionally, nanogel has biocompatibility, high water absorption, large surface area, and stimuliresponsiveness; thus, they are utilized to improve and develop drug delivery systems and target aspecific site of action to enhance drug activity and decrease potential adverse effects. Nanogels areprepared by various copolymerization methods, including photolithography, micro-molding, reversemicellar, homogeneous, and membrane emulsification. Nanogel has a high loading capacitydepending on the polymer used, which reduces the number of carriers needed. Furthermore, therelease of drugs can be controlled at the right time and proper place in response to specificconditions, like temperature and pH. A variety of nanogel applications were introduced to treatdifferent diseases, including cancer, skin allergy or inflammation, and Alzheimer’s disease.Moreover, nanogel can be used in gene therapy and local anesthesia. Clinical trial studies suggestthe development of nanogel for co-administration of multiple drugs, increase targeting, decreasesystemic cytotoxicity of cancer medicines, and increase the efficacy of many drugs. The limitationsof hydrogels served as the reason to fabricate nanoparticles hydrogels (nanogels) as new advancedDDS. The swelling and deswelling of nanogel controlled the loading and release of drugs inresponse to certain stimuli.