Differential infiltration of CD4, CD8 and macrophage in oral squamous cell carcinoma (Immnoistochemical study)

Abstract

Background: Oral Squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is by far the most common malignant neoplasm of the oralcavity. It is an aggressive and lethal malignancy. The oral squamous cell carcinoma microenvironments containmany immune cells and their secretory products. Cell-mediated immunity and the innate immune system mayinteract with cancer cells and plays an important role in immune responses against cancer, CD8 cytotoxic Tlymphocytes (CTLs) are key effectors cells in antitumor immunity, while CD4 T cell have cardinal role in orchestratingantibody production and the activation of CD8 T cells and macrophages to exhibit antitumor functions. This suggeststhat immune system-related mechanisms have an effect on the development and spread of malignant diseases inhumansMaterials and methods: Thirty formalin-fixed, paraffin- embedded blocks of oral squamous cell carcinoma wereincluded in this study. H&E stain was done for each block for reassessment of histological examination. The expressionof CD4, CD8 and macrophages were detected by immunehistochemistry.Results: Immunehistochemical mean expression level of CD4, CD8 and macrophage in OSCC was (54.67) %, (51.08)% and (55.93) % respectively. Non significant correlation was obtained among the three studied infiltrates withclinicopathological findings of OSCC and with each other.Conclusion: Immunohistochemical expression of CD4, CD8 and macrophage infiltrates were observed in all studyingsamples of oral squamous cell carcinoma, however, statistically non significant correlation was found between themean expression level of these infiltrates with all clinicopathological findings of OSCC and with each other.Increasing expression level of CD4, CD8 and macrophage infiltration in all studied cases of OSCC suggest theirimportant role in oral carcinogenesis, however further studies with larger samples needed to identify their exactcorrelation with clinicopathological features of tumor