TY - JOUR ID - TI - Karbala In India In The Eighteenth & Nineteenth Centuries Landmarks & Identity كربلاء في الهند في القرنين الثامن عشر والتاسع عشر -المعالم والهوية AU - Lecturer Dr. Asa'd Hameed Abu Shanna Al- Arrady Al- م. د. أسعد حميد أبو شنة العرادي PY - 2016 VL - 3 IS - 1 SP - 147 EP - 171 JO - KARBALĀʾ HERITAGE Quarterly Authorized Journal Specialized in Karbalāʾ Heritage مجلة تراث كربلاء SN - 23125489 24103292 AB - AbstractThe building up of shrines bearing the sacred name (Karbala)، in Indiain the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries was something unique; itcarried different meanings، the most important of which was that gives thespiritual, political، architectural and cultural Impact which was not affectedby distance . That affection spread to include the entire continent of India .These shrines were of great spiritual value for the Shiite in Indi which wasderived from its name and from the holding of Husaini sermons in it untilthe present time . These shrines also reflected the Shiite of India longing toKarbala . Therefore; they were taken as graveyards for most officials of thestate ; it also reflected their desire to be buried in the holy city of Karbala .And as that was something difficult، they were taken as a compensation forthat hope which became difficult to achieve .The political dimension was strongly present whether in theconstruction of those shrines or in performing the Husaini sermons ; theywere considered signs for the power of their builders the Mangole stateministers of the Shiite seat and the dominance they had .From the architectural point of view, attempts to provide a descriptionof the two holy shrines, Al- Husainiya and Al- Abbasiya were not thatprecise due to its dependence on description in addition to unavailabilityof photography . Therefore، the measures، the forms and inscriptions ofthese shrines were noticeably different from the original holy shrines .From the cultural point of view، these shrines enabled the followersof the Shii Imamas ( the Shiite of Ahlul –Bait) ( P.b.u th) to recognize theircultural، intellectual، religious and sectarian identity in such sectarianand intellectual variety the people of India live in which . These shrinswere considered as amedia which helped Indians، Muslims and Hindube acquainted with Karbala in addition to taking on such contradictions inthe political and military struggle . They were also considered a source forstudying the architectural art in India at that time .

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