TY - JOUR ID - TI - The Effect of Religious Monuments in the Plan of the ArabianIslamic city Samarra City – Case Study أﺜر اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟم اﻟدﯿﻨﯿﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺨطط اﻟﻤدﯿﻨﺔ اﻟﻌرﺒﯿﺔ اﻻﺴﻼﻤﯿﺔ ﻤدﯿﻨﺔ ﺴﺎﻤراء – ﺤﺎﻟﺔ دراﺴﯿﺔ AU - Asma Niazy Taher اسماء نيازي طاهر AU - Mehdi Saleh Alfaraj Al-Atabi ﻤﻬدي ﺼﺎﻟﺢ اﻟﻔرج اﻟﻌﺘﺎﺒي AU - Zaid Mohammed AL-Abbasi زﯿـد ﻤﺤﻤـد ﻗـدوري اﻟﻌﺒﺎﺴﻲ PY - 2014 VL - 13 IS - 1-2 SP - 127 EP - 147 JO - The Iraqi Journal of Architecture and Planning المجلة العراقية لهندسة العمارة والتخطيط SN - 26179547 26179555 AB - Religious monument is considered as one of the most distinguished elements which form one of the components of architectural structure, religious monument’s importance stands out from the religious affiliation of the city’s people (Spiritual affiliation). Also considered one of the distinguished architectural elements and recognized architectural identity, which have drawn the mental image for the formation of religious cities in people’s memory. The research depends on studying the plans of the religious cities specifically the Arabian Islamic cities; for its religious importance and the clearness of the religious factor’s impact in its creation and planning, and from reviewing the previous studies those dealt with analyzing the Arabian Islamic city the research problem had been determined in “There is a knowledge gap about the role of religious monuments in planning of the Arabic Islamic cities”,the research hypothesis have been formulated as The religious monument has a regulatory role in planning the Arabian Islamic city, in its impact on axial connection on both local stage and global level. The research has defined the religious monuments as landmarks or architectural elements of the city’s plan which differentiate in attendant appearance in people’s memory, which is generally showing in worship places, from all that the research’s target has been determined as: Clarifying religious monuments' role in Planning of Arab Islamic cities according to the impact that it have played as a regulatory element for the urban fabric. Samarra have been chosen for the required practical study, considering it’s one of the most important Arab Islamic cities, for what it has of religious monuments, which perform as regulatory power for the local and global connection, research confirms from experience research’s letter using (GIS: ArcView 3.3) computer software for the chosen urban formation that: the impact of the religious factor reflects on the components of the urban fabric of the Arabian Islamic city from both of the form and the space in its planning and regulation, which shows on the group of planning elements for the city, also the religious monuments have an effect on the orientation of spatial connection, and creating public areas in the city, and preparing complete spaces which have a high permeability around its locations, As well as its effect on the most complete distribution type in other parts of the system.

ﯿﻌد اﻟﻤﻌﻠم اﻟدﯿﻨﻲ أﺤد أﻫم اﻟﻌﻨﺎﺼر اﻟﻤﻛوﻨﺔ ﻟﻠﻤدن اﻟدﯿﻨﯿﺔ وﻤﻨﻬﺎ اﻟﻤدن اﻟﻌرﺒﯿﺔ اﻻﺴﻼﻤﯿﺔ واﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﺸﻛل اﺤد ﻤﻛوﻨﺎت اﻟﻬﯿﻛل اﻟﻌﻤراﻨﻲ، إذ ﺘﺒرز اﻫﻤﯿﺔ اﻟﻤﻌﻠم اﻟدﯿﻨﻲ ﻤن ﺨﻼل اﻻﻨﺘﻤﺎء اﻟدﯿﻨﻲ )اﻟروﺤﻲ( ﻟﺸﺎﻏﻠﻲ اﻟﻤدن، ﻛﻤﺎ ﺘﻌد ﻤن اﻟﻌﻨﺎﺼر اﻟﻌﻤراﻨﯿﺔ اﻟﻤﻤﯿزة واﻟﻤﻌرﻓﺔ ﻟﻠﻬوﯿﺔ اﻟﻌﻤراﻨﯿﺔ، واﻟﺘﻲ رﺴﻤت اﻟﺼورة اﻟذﻫﻨﯿﺔ ﻟﺒﻨﯿﺔ اﻟﻤدن اﻟدﯿﻨﯿﺔ ﻓﻲ ذاﻛرة اﻟﻨﺎس اﻟﺠﻤﻌﯿﺔ. إذ اﻋﺘﻤد اﻟﺒﺤث دراﺴﺔ اﻟﻤﺨطط ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤدن اﻟدﯿﻨﯿﺔ وﺘﺤدﯿداً اﻟﻤدﯿﻨﺔ اﻟﻌرﺒﯿﺔ اﻻﺴﻼﻤﯿﺔ؛ ﻷﻫﻤﯿﺘﻬﺎ اﻟدﯿﻨﯿﺔ ووﻀوح أﺜر اﻟﻌﺎﻤل اﻟدﯿﻨﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻨﺸﺄﺘﻬﺎ وﺘﺨطﯿطﻬﺎ، وﻤن ﺨﻼل اﺴﺘﻌراض اﻟدراﺴﺎت اﻟﺴﺎﺒﻘﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﻨﺎوﻟت ﺘﺤﻠﯿل اﻟﻤدﯿﻨﺔ اﻟﻌرﺒﯿﺔ اﻻﺴﻼﻤﯿﺔ ﺤددت اﻟﻤﺸﻛﻠﺔ اﻟﺒﺤﺜﯿﺔ: "ﺒوﺠود ﻗﺼور ﻤﻌرﻓﻲ ﺤول اﻟدور اﻟﺘﻨظﯿﻤﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﻌﺎﻟم اﻟدﯿﻨﯿﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺘﺨطﯿط اﻟﻤدﯿﻨﺔ اﻟﻌرﺒﯿﺔ اﻻﺴﻼﻤﯿﺔ"، وﻋﻠﯿﻪ ﺼﯿﻐت ﻓرﻀﯿﺔ اﻟﺒﺤث: ﺒﺎن ﻟﻠﻤﻌﺎﻟم اﻟدﯿﻨﯿﺔ دوراً ﺘﻨظﯿﻤﯿﺎً ﻓﻲ ﺘﺨطﯿط اﻟﻤدﯿﻨﺔ اﻟﻌرﺒﯿﺔ اﻻﺴﻼﻤﯿﺔ، ﺒﺄﺜرﻩ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻻرﺘﺒﺎطﺎت اﻟﻤﺤورﯿﺔ وﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺴﺘوﯿﯿن اﻟﺸﻤوﻟﻲ واﻟﻤوﻀﻌﻲ. ﻋرف اﻟﺒﺤث اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟم اﻟدﯿﻨﯿﺔ ﺒﺄﻨﻬﺎ: اﻟﺸواﺨص أو اﻟﻌﻨﺎﺼر اﻟﻌﻤراﻨﯿﺔ ﻀﻤن ﻤﺨطط اﻟﻤدﯿﻨﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﻤﺘﺎز ﺒﻬﯿﺌﺔ ﺸﻛﻠﯿﺔ ﺤﺎﻀرة ﻓﻲ ذاﻛرة اﻟﻨﺎس اﻟﺠﻤﻌﯿﺔ، واﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﺘﻤﺜل ﺒدور اﻟﻌﺒﺎدة ﺒﺸﻛل ﻋﺎم، وﻋﻠﯿﻪ ﻓﺄن ﻫدف اﻟﺒﺤث ﺘﺤدد ﻓﻲ: ﺘوﻀﯿﺢ دور اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟم اﻟدﯿﻨﯿﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺘﻨظﯿم ﻤﺨطط اﻟﻤدن اﻟﻌرﺒﯿﺔ اﻻﺴﻼﻤﯿﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ وﻓق اﻷﺜر اﻟذي ﺘﻠﻌﺒﻪ ﻛﻌﻨﺼر ﻤﻨظم ﻟﻠﻨﺴﯿﺞ اﻟﺤﻀري. ﺘم اﻨﺘﺨﺎب ﻤدﯿﻨﺔ ﺴﺎﻤراء ﻟﻠدراﺴﺔ اﻟﻌﻤﻠﯿﺔ؛ ﺒﺎﻋﺘﺒﺎرﻫﺎ واﺤدة ﻤن أﻫم اﻟﻤدن اﻟﻌرﺒﯿﺔ اﻻﺴﻼﻤﯿﺔ، ﻟﻤﺎ ﺘﺘﻤﯿز ﺒﻪ ﻤن ﻤﻌﺎﻟم دﯿﻨﯿﺔ ﺘﻌﻤل ﻛﻘوة ﻤﻨظﻤﺔ ﻟﻼرﺘﺒﺎطﺎت اﻟﻤوﻀﻌﯿﺔ واﻟﺸﻤوﻟﯿﺔ، وﻤن اﺨﺘﺒﺎر ﻓرﻀﯿﺔ اﻟﺒﺤث ﺒﺎﺴﺘﻌﻤﺎل ﺒراﻤﺞ )GIS: ArcView 3.3( ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﻨﯿﺔ اﻟﺤﻀرﯿﺔ اﻟﻤﻨﺘﺨﺒﺔ ﺘوﺼل اﻟﻰ ان: اﺜر اﻟﻌﺎﻤل اﻟدﯿﻨﻲ ﯿﻨﻌﻛس ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﻛوﻨﺎت اﻟﻨﺴﯿﺞ اﻟﺤﻀري ﻟﻠﻤدﯿﻨﺔ اﻟﻌرﺒﯿﺔ اﻻﺴﻼﻤﯿﺔ ﻤن ﻛﺘﻠﺔ وﻓﻀﺎء ﻓﻲ ﺘﺨطﯿطﻬﺎ وﺘﻨظﯿﻤﻬﺎ، وﯿﺒرز ذﻟك اﻟﺘﺄﺜﯿر ﻤن ﻤﺠﻤوﻋﺔ اﻟﻌﻨﺎﺼر اﻟﺘﺨطﯿطﯿﺔ ﻟﻠﻤدﯿﻨﺔ، ﻛﻤﺎ ان ﻟﻠﻤﻌﺎﻟم اﻟدﯿﻨﯿﺔ أﺜر ﻓﻲ ﺘوﺠﯿﻪ اﻻرﺘﺒﺎطﺎت اﻟﻔﻀﺎﺌﯿﺔ، وﺨﻠق اﻟﻤﻨﺎطق اﻟﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤدﯿﻨﺔ وﺘﻬﯿﺌﺔ ﻓﻀﺎءات ﻤﺘﻛﺎﻤﻠﺔ ذات ﻨﻔﺎذﯿﺔ ﻋﺎﻟﯿﺔ ﺤول ﻤواﻀﻌﻬﺎ، ﻓﻀﻼً ﻋن أﺜرﻫﺎ ﻓﻲ طﺒﯿﻌﺔ ﺘوزﯿﻊ اﻟﻤﺤﺎور اﻻﻛﺜر ﺘﻛﺎﻤﻼ ﻓﻲ اﺠزاء اﻟﻨظﺎم اﻻﺨرى ER -