TY - JOUR ID - TI - The influence of instrument application frequency on the apical extrusion of debris using rotary ProTaper, hand ProTaper and hybrid technique (An in vitro study) AU - Majida K. Al-Hashimi ماجدة الهاشمي AU - Zaid K. Al-Doory زيد الدوري PY - 2012 VL - 24 IS - 4 SP - 34 EP - 39 JO - Journal of baghdad college of dentistry مجلة كلية طب الاسنان بغداد SN - 18171869 23115270 AB - Background: Various kinds of hand-held or rotary instruments and techniques are used for mechanical preparationof the canal during root canal treatments. These instruments and techniques may push debris out of the canalswhich may induce inflammation within the periapical area; therefore, instrumentation technique that causes lessextrusion of debris is more desirable. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of instrument applicationfrequency on the amount of apically extruded debris.Materials and Methods: One hundred and twenty extracted human teeth were used in this study; all teeth wereshortened to a length of 15 mm. Each experimented root was mounted on a centrifuge tube that forced through aprecut hole in a rubber stopper of a glass vial. The roots were divided randomly into 3 groups, each group contained40 roots. Group R: prepared by rotary ProTaper, Group H: prepared by hand ProTaper, Group S: prepared by Hybridtechnique. Each group was further subdivided in to five subgroups (A, B, C, D, and E). Debris extruded from apicalforamen was collected in a centrifuge tube containing 0.5 milliliter of distilled water. Each empty centrifuge tube wasweighed before preparation by 0.0001g. sensitive weighing machine. Then at the end of canal preparation, thesecentrifuge tubes were completely dried using an incubator at 68 C° for two days and weighed again. The differencebetween the weights of tubes in two stages represented the weight of debris extruded from apical foramen duringinstrumentation.Results: No significant difference recorded for the mean weight of apically extruded debris regarding the instrumentapplication frequency within the same instrumentation technique; but there was a high significant difference for thesubgroups (A, B, C, and D) and a significant difference for subgroup E, regarding the effect of instrumentationtechniques on amount of apical extrusion of debris among tested groups.Conclusion: The hand ProTaper extruded smaller amounts of apical debris than the rotary ProTaper and largeramounts than Hybrid technique

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