TY - JOUR ID - TI - Future of federal regime in Iraq, Study in international experiences مستقبل النظام الفدرالي في العراق دراسة في التجارب الدولية AU - Amjad Z. Taama امجد زين العابدين طعمة PY - 2014 VL - IS - 47 SP - 1 EP - 35 JO - AL-Mostansiriyah journal for arabic and international studies مجلة المستنصرية للدراسات العربية والدولية SN - 2070898X 27079775 AB - Lately many external and internal factors have appeared making many countries give non-central to their territories, states and provinces, especially the countries that witness social and popular activities demanding self and specialty change. These factors are increased by the new world reality that is controlled by means of mobilization a matter leading to acute decrease of the role of national state and lack of its attraction.The federation has become culturally one of the important democratic means, fair and successful solutions of multi and various societies the use of each federal regime in accordance to the specialty of each regime including its special constitution sometimes leads to the appearance of numbers of controversial issues demanding the put of clear means and solutions having clear explanation. Issues like distributing the authorities among the central governments and territories or among the units of the federal union, distributing of income, and drawing of borders should be listed within the priority of any project for the constitution in these countries.Leaving loose ends or the subject to the political or legal explanation will lead to occurring of many problems, especially if the state is a newly Era in the federation or newly in joining the elite of the democratic state.The study of some federal experiences whether successful or failed that have been applied in many of the world countries is considered as an important issue for any study aiming at putting futuristic scenes of any federal regime, especially the accurate and deep analysis of the reasons of the success or fail of any experience and knowing the reasons and putting logical solutions in addition to diagnosis of some of differences demanding the put of clear specialty to the recommended experience.Consequently, the experiences of 28 federal states represent a duplicated importance in order to put some of logical solutions to strengthen the federal experience in a newly Era country such as Iraq.

ان انتهاج النظام الفدرالي وحسب خصوصية كل دولة بما يتضمنه دستوره الخاص به، يؤدي احيانا الى ظهور عدد من الإشكالات والقضايا الخلافية التي تتطلب وضع اليات وحلول محددة لا يمكنها تحمل اكثر من تأويل، فقضايا مثل توزيع الصلاحيات بين الحكومات المركزية والاقاليم او بين وحدات الاتحاد الفدرالي وتوزيع الدخل وترسيم الحدود، ينبغي لها ان تدرج ضمن اولويات اي مشرع للدستور في هذه الدول، اذ ان ترك النهايات السائبة او ترك الموضوع امام التاويلات السياسية او القانونية سيؤدي الى حدوث اشكالات عديدة، لا سيما اذا ما كانت الدولة حديثة العهد في الفدرالية او في الانضمام الى مصاف الدول الديمقراطية. وتعد دراسة بعض التجارب الفدرالية سواء الناجحة منها او الفاشلة والتي طبقت في العديد من دول العالم، مسألة مهمة وضرورية بالنسبة لأية دراسة ترغب في وضع مشاهد مستقبلية لأي نظام فدرالي، وعلى هذا الاساس فان تجارب الدول الفدرالية التي وصلت اليوم الى ما يقارب 28 دولة تمثل اهمية مضاعفة لغرض وضع بعض الحلول المنطقية لتدعيم او تقويم التجربة الفدرالية الاتحادية في بلد حديث العهد بهكذا نظام مثل العراق. ER -