Abstarct

The Foreign direct investment is considered one of the paranounts of contemporary world for its different advantages in all aspects of life. Therefore many developing countries tried to make radical improvements in economic administration & indroduce legislations which encourage & attract foreign direct investment . Tourism has a distinguish position in investment strategies, especially in developing as an activity which has cultural , social & economical effects . Therefore many countries considered developing this activity by faciliting the process of national & foreign investment . Due to the fact Iraqi Kurdistan Region is engoying a considerable security stability since the nineties of the last century , add to this the decisions enacted by the local governments among which law & enactment & removing the difficulties that hinder their work in order to attract the local & foreign capitals , the private sector in particular , all this pared the way to invest the local & foreign capitals in all sector in particular . This is enhanced by the availability of the tourist, natural m historical & religious capacities of attracting & increasing the investments .

Keywords

Export bibliographic record

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• BibTex

Abstarct

The Foreign Trade is the one of the important Economic Sectors Specially in the Development country from increase rates of growth National Income & achieve the Structural changes in National Economy & achieve Important Production & Consumer goods . Research beginning from appear role of the Foreign Trade from especial Economic appointments in condition of Iraq like in old period When the Foreign Trade achieved high development and increase in the National Income . The Research aims to identification Foreign Trade, and importance &policies of it .We showed theories Foreign Trade & practices to measurement & analysis economic point whose related to foreign trade in the second half of last sencery and 2002-2008 & meas- urement ratio of Economic Bare to the National Economy & importance of Exports & Imports from National Income and Measurement of Iraqi Balance of Trade with oil & without oil and appear Surplus Deficit in Iraqi Economy . Personal Mean of National Income & Development of Personal Mean of Exports & Imports & Measurment effect of Increase foreign Trade to National Income in Iraq.

Keywords

Export bibliographic record

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• BibTex

Abstarct

This study aims to identify the level of flexibility of manufacturing in the State Company for Cotton Industries / Baghdad Factory, after selecting a number of dimensions that reflect the flexibility of manufacturing , and referred to by a number of researchers in this area, which represented by the (flexibility machinery, flexibility of size, mix flexibility, flexibility material handling, and flexibility new product ). Checklist was adopted as a main way to make the study. This was done after a field cohabitation of the researcher for the study site, and through make interviews with the managers concerned for the purpose of completing the checklist, the questions of the study have been answered. So, the study found that the level of flexibility of the machines and flexibility size obtained the highest rate, which reached at (67%), which is moderate rate, indicating the possession of the company these types of flexibility, while the lowest level of flexibility was the process flexibility, which amounted to (43%), this means the low level of process flexibility. Therefore, the process flexibility should be increased, through the treatments proposed in this study, indicating the fact that the process flexibility is important, compared with other types of flexibility, as pointed out by many researchers. As for the rest of the kinds of flexibility, it has got a medium level. Which was almost (50%), as average, which means the weak possession of the company, in question, of the flexibility manufacturing, which puts it in a difficult competitive position.

Keywords

Export bibliographic record

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• BibTex

Abstarct

Research deals with an important topic and vital in evaluating the performance of companies adopting the Balanced Scorecard, which is the tool or technique to achieve a balance between contemporary indicators of financial and non-financial as it includes a four perspectives (financial, internal processes, learning, growth, and customers). From here, the research aims to adopt the Balanced Scorecard in the evaluation of the efficiency of the performance of the General Company for Land Transport to get to know the level of performance for the years that followed (2003) to identify areas of strength and weaknesses. The research found the group was the most important conclusions: - 1- That the performance in a year (2007) has exceeded the threshold of the pieces approved to accept the performance and the amount (50%) and check the level of performance (average) to the importance of perspectives (financial and customer). 2 - As in the two years (2008-2009) has decreased the level of performance of the company and the (acceptable) to the low perspectives (financial, customers). 3- In the Year (2010) researched the company was unable to overcome the threshold of the pieces have achieved a level of performance (weak) has emerged as failures in perspective (internal processes and customers).

Keywords

Export bibliographic record

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• BibTex

Abstarct

يمثل التسويق احد اهم الاسس التي تتركز عليها منظمات الاعمال في تحقيق تفوقها وتميزها السوقي ، لذلك على هذه المنظمات ان تدرك مدى اهمية تفعيل دور التسويق بحيث تلمس تأثير هذا الدور مباشرة في تعزير القيمة السوقية المضافة لأسهمها داخل الاسواق المالية . ولأجل ان يحقق البحث اهدافه فقد جرى تقسيمه الى اربعة محاور ، تناول الاول منها منهجية البحث ، اما الثاني فقد تعرض الى جوانب الاثراء النظري ذات العلاقة بموضوع البحث ، في حين تطرق المبحث الثالث الى الجانب التطبيقي للبحث ، واخيرا تناول المحور الرابع اهم الاستنتاجات والتوصيات التي توصل اليها الباحثان وحسب معطيات البحث .

Keywords

Export bibliographic record

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• BibTex

Abstarct

استهدف البحث الحالي التعرف على اهمية الادوار المحورية التي تؤديها ادارة المعرفة في تقوية البنية التحتية لاقسام ضمان الجودة والاعتمادية الاكاديمية في الجامعات لتمكين الاخيرة من تحسين برامجها التعليمية وتعزيز كفاءة ادائها من اجل تجويد منتجها من الموارد البشريه المؤهلة في التخصصات المتنوعة لسد احتياجات سوق العمل وتلافي الفاقد في – الجهد والمال والوقت – الناتج عن عدم مواءمة مخرجاتها مع متطلبات الوظيفه وتغيراتها المتسارعه على هرم العمالة بحقل العمل وفي ضوء التغيرات التقنية وتوظيف ادارة المعرفة لمواجهة تحدياتها المتزايدة . وتحقيقا للهدف الرئيسي من البحث اتبع الباحثان اسلوب مسح وتحليل مجموعة من الادبيات السابقة والبرامج والتجارب الميدانية في مجال ادارة المعرفة ذات الصلة بحقل التعليم الجامعي المتاح منها في المصادر العربيه والاجنبيه حيث شكلت مجتمعه مصدرا اساسيا للتطبيقات المعتمدة في منهجيته واجراءاته وقد تحددت مشكلته في التساؤلات المطروحه حول الادوار الرائدة لادارة المعرفه بوصفها تحديا استراجيا معاصر ومدخلا حيويا في تخطيط الجامعه وتحضيرها لتقوية وتعزيز بنيتها التحتية ورؤيتها ورسالتها وقيمتها المعتمدة لضمان جودة برامجها التعليمية وتحقيق تميزها بين قريناتها من جامعات المنطقه والعالم في تسويق منتجها العلمي والاكاديمي وبالتالي فوزها بالموقع المناسب لها على افضل الجامعات عالميا" . وقد تمت معالجة اهدافه المرسومة وفق الاجراءت المتبعه في المنهج الوصفي التحليلي والطرق العلمية المتبعه في البحوث المماثلة حيث اكدت نتائج البحث بعد تحليلها وتفسيرها على ضرورة اعتماد اسس ومعايير ادارة المعرفة في هندسة العمليات المتعلقه بالبرامج التعليمية بوصفها اتجاها معاصرا واسلوبا حديثا سبقت الى ممارسته الجامعات المتفوقة والمميزه عالميا ، كما اظهرت نتائجه ان توظيف ادارة المعرفة في الاقسام المعنية هو السبيل الصحيح لتقوية بنيتها التحتية لصالح تعزيز ودعم انطلاقتها المرتقبه باتجاه تحقيق اهدافها المرغوبه في تجويد برامجها التعليمية . وفي ضوء نتائج البحث قدم الباحثان جملة من التوصيات والمقترحات كان من ابرزها ضرورة اعتماد اسلوب ادارة المعرفة في اقسام ضمان الجودة والاعتماديه الاكاديمي لتعزيز البرامج التعليميه في الجامعالت العراقية واجراء البحوث والدراسات المتخصصه في صناعتها .

Keywords

Export bibliographic record

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• BibTex

Abstarct

In this study, we use Levinson – Durbin Recurence which it used by Levinson in 1947, then its reformulation it later by Durbin in 1960, and compare it with Autoregressive Methods which include Least Squares, Yule-Walker equations and Burg methods. To find best linear predictor from the data which is represent the production of State Company for Cotton Industries. We concluded that Levinson – Durbin Recurrence is the best among to the other methods, according to minimum Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE).

Keywords

Export bibliographic record

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• BibTex

Abstarct

تعد المؤسسات الصغيرة والمتوسطة المحرك الأساسي للتنمية الاقتصادية ،إذ تحتل مكانة هامة في النسيج الاقتصادي و الصناعي ، وتساهم إلى حد كبير في توفير فرص استخدام جديدة للأفراد، وتحسن مستوى المعيشة. وتأسيسا على ذلك عدم قدرة المؤسسات الصغيرة والمتوسطة في الجزائر على تحقيق الآمال المرجوة منها ،وهي متفرقة بالرغم من الدعم والاهتمام الموجه إليها ، كان لابد من البحث عن شكل جديد لتحسين أدائها وزيادة قدرتها التنافسية ، وقد ظهر هذا الشكل في صورة " العناقيد الصناعية " حيث تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى إلقاء الضوء على الدور الذي يمكن أن تلعبه العناقيد الصناعية في زيادة القدرة التنافسية للمؤسسات الصغيرة والمتوسطة في الاقتصاد الجزائري.

Keywords

Export bibliographic record

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• BibTex

Abstarct

Represent the current food crisis biggest threat to the stability of the international community suffers the risk of this problem, a large proportion of the world's peoples and to varying degrees, have seen (2000-2011) a significant increase in the prices of basic food commodities in the world stood up to (240%) in the food price index Home and (269%) in the price of grain and (188%) in the price of meat and (346%) in the prices of oils and fats have is due to not seek the concerned communities and developing ones in particular to address the problem of food in their countries drastically while increasing need for food because of the increasing number of members of their societies significantly. Because this problem is one of the most complex problems and sensitivity and exciting international problems at the moment and its direct political problems and social and economic central, it became necessary to work on the study of the causes and analyze its impact, diagnose prospects future in order to propose processors and radical solutions to mitigate their effects. As the wheat crop of agricultural crops strategy in Iraq and included in the daily diet for most of the population, has been adopted as a case study. Has been to measure the size of the shortfall between demand and annual production where the results showed the presence of growing food gap between (30-35)% of the total needs of the country annually. If conditions continue as they are, the size of this gap will be after five years (ie in 2018) up to (45%) of the size of the country's need in 2018. We therefore included at the end of the research some of the proposals and recommendations to address the basic issue of food security drastically.

Keywords

Export bibliographic record

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• BibTex

Abstarct

The importance of training is not restricted to the development of the workers abilities through in formations related work performance only but it extends to include the improvement and development of the workers behaviors and their treatment with organization, colleagues and their bosses. In spite of the great developments that accompanied training in the fields of life but they were limited in the hotel work because this work depends basically on human element in the field of service. In the same time the hotels managements had to turn to use these techniques in a way that enables them to insult problems which hinder the high levels of workforce and how appropriate in presenting better hotel services. Therefore, the research is directed towards finding suitable solutions for this problem through the objectives it tries to achieve which are the importance of training inside hotels in developing working staff and raising their performance level in presenting services, the emphasis on the necessity of periodical training, in addition to introducing the training styles, aims and importance in developing hotels.

Keywords

Export bibliographic record

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• BibTex

Abstarct

يهدف البحث الى التعرف على امكانية تطبيق الانموذج التفاعلي للابداع لـ ( (Ivancvech, et.alفي بيئة التصنيع في الشركة العامة للصناعات الجلدية وشركة بغداد للمشروبات الغازية من خلال استطلاع آراء عينة من العاملين في الشركتين البالغ عددهم (100). تم استخدام الاوساط الحسابية والانحرافات المعيارية في تحليل مدى امكانية تطبيق الانموذج التفاعلي للابداع في الشركتين ، وتحليل Man Witny لاختبار الاختلافات المعنوية بين الشركتين ، والتحليل العاملي لتحديد العوامل الاكثر تاثيرا في تطبيق الانموذج التفاعلي للابداع. تضمن البحث ثلاثة مباحث ، تناول المبحث الأول منهجية البحث ، وتناول المبحث الثاني الإطار النظري للبحث ، اما المبحث الثالث فقد تناول الجانب العملي من البحث ، وتناول المبحث الرابع الاستنتاجات والتوصيات التي تم توصل إليها. اكدت النتائج امكانية تطبيق الانموذج التفاعلي للابداع في الشركتين عينتي البحث ، فضلا عن وجود اختلافات معنوية بينهما في مستوى التطبيق.

Keywords

Export bibliographic record

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• BibTex

Abstarct

The search concern in continuous improvements technique which represent one of the pillars in which the organization depends on the performance development through small and continuous improvements to achieve high levels of performance and get ride from various shortcomings in organization. Continuous improvements technique has been applied on deposits and transfers in Saba Islamic Bank, one of the Islamic banks which practiced all banking activities in accordance with Islamic law, the study reflects the need for applying continuous improvements technique in Saba Islamic Bank to develop the level of performance and enforce competitive in banking market.

Keywords

Export bibliographic record

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• BibTex

Abstarct

The research aims to reveal the nature of the relationship between the provision for doubtful debts and capital adequacy of banks research sample and measuring capital adequacy ratios as approved by the Iraqi Central Bank and its ability to cover the risks have been using the arithmetic mean and standard deviation as tools of statistical measurement has been conducting a statistical study to prove the hypothesis search for the presence of correlation between provision for doubtful debts and capital adequacy where the affected banks significantly losses for doubtful debts and the impact of the latter on capital adequacy, which calls for the bank management interest in the performance of banks technically, financially and strategically. The researcher had reached a set of conclusions Ohmaha if the borrowing company stumbled, the capital is considered an important element in risk reduction and recovery of the loan, as well as the bank's inability to determine the size of provisions for doubtful debts collected leads load the burden of capital losses on non-performing loans. We conclude that the analysis of standard capital adequacy according to the rates approved by the Central Bank of Iraq that banks sample taken to increase the capital ratio to risky assets and thus demonstrates the high capital adequacy and bank management followed a policy precautionary and bad debts were attributed to too high based on the Regulation Guidelines It also demonstrates the conservative policy of the banks.. It is also important conclusions result of the analysis is a statistical correlation between provision for doubtful debts and capital adequacy. Researcher has developed a number of recommendations hopes to serve and help banks interested in the banking sector to identify and measure the face of the impact of provision for doubtful debts on capital adequacy.

Keywords

Export bibliographic record

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• BibTex

Abstarct

Tourism has strategy characteristics that make it Avery important part in the in the modern economic activities. Tourism takes a wide part to put in end to the unemployment problem and increased national income. It considered as an infinite source in creating wealth and in attracting the foreign currencies and it has become a brilliant industry which aims to activate the services sector (transport-hotels-restaurants-tourist companies..etc) and it has encouraged the small institutes and traditional products so that can support the growth of the local investments' size and to keep its balance. The Iraqi Tourism industry has advantage of dynamic competitive because of what it has posed of different and unique wealth (natural, traditional-religious and antiquities) which if it is exploited in an integrated work program and shared through national strategy for tourism development in large for a long time to contribute in addressing the problem facing the community and the Iraqi economy in the present and in the future

Keywords

Export bibliographic record

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• BibTex

Abstarct

This research deals with the subject of Organism Organizational Structure and its impact in Organizational Innovation at accompany for Electronical Industries . The research has been applied and test by a questionnaire of a sample from managers at this company . A connection and effect relation has been found between the tow variables .

Keywords

Export bibliographic record

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• BibTex

Abstarct

This research objective at showing the basics and advantages of applying the procedure of responsibility accounting as a tool for monitoring and evaluating performance and displaying the importance and objectives of this procedure. To achieve this objective the substantial basics on which the responsibility accounting procedure is based were studied, and the basics were represented in determining the responsibility centers in the organizational structure, preparing the planned budgets and performance criteria of the responsibility centers, and comparing the actual performance with the planned performance to determine the deviations and analysis them, and showing the importance of existing a comprehensive and developed accounting information system conforming with responsibility accounting procedure, and preparing the monitoring reports and the performance reports. A set of recommendations were put which participate in providing basis for applying the responsibility accounting procedure, the most important of them, enlightening the workers in the economical units in the concept and basics of applying the responsibility accounting procedure, and working on developing the organizational structures in the economical units and accounting information systems in what is proportional with applying the responsibility accounting, and building the planned budgets and the system for monitoring reports on scientific and professional bases, as well as deciding effective incentives system, so that the higher management could hold individuals accountable for any deviation or failure in performance.

Keywords

Export bibliographic record

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• BibTex

Abstarct

The agricultural sector of the main pillars in the building of the economic entity in Iraq, the presence of large tracts of agricultural land and availability of water resources and human resources, but that this sector is still limited in the level of production and fulfill domestic demand for agricultural products and achieve self-sufficiency, as the growing demand for products Agricultural with limited supply, making Iraq faces the problem of agricultural food aggravated the progress of time, and went to confront the problem about importing from abroad, which costs the Iraqi economy large sums and hard currency, and then have this sector impediment to the development process, and all this due to lack of interest in the sector as required. The increased contribution of the agricultural sector in the composition of GDP, reaching (24.4%) compared to (10.2%) in 1990, then declined to contribute by the Memorandum of Understanding in 1996, as was reconsidering the overall prices of agricultural commodities, as well as in a rise significantly in the prices of production inputs, as a result of amendment of public sector companies to price their products, and in 2000 was allocated part of the financial resources in the Memorandum of Understanding for the sector, and of providing hardware and farm equipment and supplies, etc., and the return of the state again for the interest in this sector, as record this sector in in 2001 a rise in the proportion of its contribution to the GDP, amounting to (13.1%) was higher than in 2000, which amounted to (10.3%), while the estimated contribution of the agricultural sector for 2005 b (6.7%) of the gross domestic product, which is equivalent (2754.8 ) million

Keywords

Export bibliographic record

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• BibTex

Abstarct

In this paper, a new Least Significant Bit (LSB) nonsequential embedding technique in 24 or 8 bit colors digital Bmp images, introduced. The idea is using an arbitrarily non least bit of the chose byte to be condition of embedding bit. This technique called a Random Control Bit (RCB). In the paper a design and implementation for images steganography system based on LSB mechanism was presented and discussed. Different image files stored by using bitmap format were utilized. Some auxiliary processes were suggested and investigated in order to recover some weak aspect inherent with the pure implementation of stego-systems. Among the auxiliary processes is the hopping and stream ciphering algorithm. Besides, the suggested system using crypto-hiding pseudo random key generator. This key generator works for the two purposes to investigate the encryption and embedding processes. The suggested RCB stego-system was tested using visual, Laplace and chi-square tests, the new method based on the idea of increasing the hoping rate due to the HVS-poor sensitivity. The results have indicating a goodd hiding performance.

Keywords

Export bibliographic record

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• BibTex

Abstarct

In this paper, we given some definitions about convergence of function, then we taken an equation of nonlinear n-th integrable function and studied the continuity and existence of solution of this equation while the equation has the form:

Keywords

Export bibliographic record

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• BibTex