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Friction stir spot welding (FSSW) is a relatively new welding process that may have significantadvantages compared to the fusion processes as follows joining of conventionally non-fusion weldablealloys, reduced distortion and improved mechanical properties of weldable alloys joints due to the pure solidstatejoining of metals. In this paper, a three-dimensional model based on finite element analysis is used tostudy the thermal history in the spot-welding of aluminum alloy 2024. The model take place thethermomechanical property on the process of the welded metals.The thermal history and the evolution results with numerical model at the measured point in the frictionstirred spot weld have a good matching, then the prediction of the temperature history from the numericalmodel in the welded plates is acceptable.The experimental results of measuring the shear force of the welded plates show that there is a goodagreement with the increase of the rotational speed of the tool with shear force.

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This paper deals with the behavior of structural steel-concrete composite beamscurved in plane. The analytical investigation included the use of three dimensionalnonlinear finite elements to model the performance of the composite beamsstrengthened with CFRP strips by using (ANSYS 11.0) computer program. Thenumerical results showed very good agreement with the experimental results reachto 100% before the strengthening, while the increase in strength after the curvedstrengthened with CFRP strips 32% for the curve beam with L/R equal to 0.05 and48% for the curve beam with L/R equal to 0.10 and 53% for the curve beam withL/R equal to 0.25.

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The determination of critical buckling load of composite plate is animportant factor in determining the structural stability, which was done by ANSYSprogram and experimental investigation was carried out on many specimens ofcomposite material of E-glass fiber reinforced polyester plastic materials withdifferent no. of layers. Five cases are studied to show the effect of cutout’sparameter on the structural stability in which the shape ( circle, square, rectangle),size (20, 30, 50 ) mm, rounding corner (5, 7.5, 10)mm and orientation of cutouts(0°,30°,45°,60°) are presented . Also the effect of plate thickness (no. of layer) isstudied .In general , the results of the square clamped laminated plates with circlecutout come out in a good agreement. Which is decrease of buckling load of theplates with change the shape from circle, square and rectangle and in case of cutoutsize. The critical load is still constant with the radii rounding corner and increasedwith increasing the cutout orientation and the thickness of the plate. The effect ofcutout will determine the increase or decrease of the buckling

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ABSTRACT:Loss of the lower limb can cause loss of mobility .At all places and at all times, efforts have always been made to make up for such a loss. The basis of this investigation is to research current prosthetic in order to design and build a more human like prosthesis. Also this investigation aims at combining these characteristics in order to achieve a more multi functional prosthesis. In undertaking such a design, the new prosthesis will be exhibit a broader range of characteristics than those displayed in current prosthetic feet. In doing so, the new prosthesis will enable a closer representation of the functions inherent of a normal human foot. The characteristics involved in normal walking include dorsiflexion, impact absorption and fatigue foot test. The characteristics displayed in the manufactured new foot tested were compared to those of SACH foot. The characteristics exhibited by prostheses which compared favorably to those of a human foot were investigated further. A new prosthetic foot is designed and manufactured from polyethylene and a comparison study with SACH foot was used to determine if there are differences in the gait pattern while wearing the NEW foot and whether these differences would be problematic. The basis of the new prosthetic design combines current prosthetic design elements, such as materials and components. The analytical part presents the results of the static and fatigue analysis by methods; numerical methods (Finite Element method FEM) and experimental methods. The new foot was designed and the number of cycle, dorsiflexion and impact were measured. The new prosthetic foot has a good characteristic when compared with the SACH foot, such as good dorsiflexion (7.8-6.4o), force transmitted at impact heel (9.82N-9.50N) and life of foot (2,103,445-896,213) cycles respectively.

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The present study focused mainly on the buckling behavior of composite laminated plates subjected to mechanical loads. Mechanical loads are analyzed by experimental analysis, analytical analysis (for laminates without cutouts) and numerical analysis by finite element method (for laminates with and without cutouts) for different type of loads which could be uniform or non-uniform, uniaxial or biaxial. In addition to many design parameters of the laminates such as aspect ratio, thickness ratio, and lamination angle or the parameters of the cutout such as shape, size, position, direction, and radii rounding) which are changed to study their effects on the buckling characteristics with various boundary conditions. Levy method of classical laminated plate theory and Finite element coded by ANSYS 13.0 is used to formulate the theoretical model. Results are compared with other researches and good agreement was obtained.

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In the present study, three-dimensional nonlinear finite element analyses were conducted to investigate the effect of several important parameters on the behavior of the external prestressed continuous composite steel-concrete beam. These parameters included the effects of concrete compressive strength, ratio of effective prestressing to ultimate stress (fpe/fpu), external prestressing technique, ratio of thickness to width of concrete slab (T/B), transfer load point to mid span section, type of loading, full and partial interaction, tendon profile, and number of stiffeners. It had been found that, at increasing the concrete compressive strength from (20 to 60MPa) and the ratio of prestress to ultimate stress from (0.264 to 0.79), the ultimate load was increased by about (19.64%) and (9.05), respectively. The ultimate load of a continuous composite beam with external prestressing was increased by about (26.63%) than the same continuous beam without prestressing. The increase in the ultimate load of the continuous beam subjected to three point loads on each span was (25.93%) larger than that of the continuous beam with a single load on each span. It was noted that the ultimate capacity was increased by (7.32%) when draped tendon profile was used. Also it was noted that the ultimate load of beam with full interaction is (3.25%) greater than the same beam with partial interaction. Increasing the thickness to width of concrete slab ratio, from (0.1 to 0.25) with constant area of concrete, led to an increase in the ultimate load by about (6.60%). It was noted that the ultimate capacity increased by about (8.25%) when number of stiffeners were increased from three to seven.

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The present research about vibration characteristics analysis of rotating shaft with slant crack using finite element method in ANSYS program as mathematical tool and model drawing on the solid work software and insert to the (ANSYS) program in addition to mechanical and physical properties data for rotating shaft with disc to study the effect of several parameters such as crack depth and crack inclination angle on the natural frequency .mode shapes, by using (ANSYS 14.5) program and from workbench window the crack create at different inclination angle (20°,45°,70°,90°) and different depth (4,8,12) mm , the crack location at distance 2cm from the left side of the disc at maximum bending moment position to know its effect on the vibration characteristics . The result indicated that the natural frequencies are significant affected in the presence of a crack and reduces with increasing in the inclination angle and depth of crack while the mode shape affected by increasing inclination angle of crack and depth relatively little and not appear except after the crack depth receive advance stage from diameter of shaft .

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In this work finite element ANSYS program is used to analyze the impactstresses of (9) mm bullet impact on hybrid composite plate using explicit dynamicand autodyne code. The material used in this work is unidirectional carbon fibersand plain weave E-Glass with epoxy as matrix. The experimental work includesmanufacturing composite plates made from Carbon/E-Glass/Epoxy with differentthicknesses subjecting these plates to impact by 9mm bullets at speed of (37) m/sfrom (5) m distance. The numerical results were proved by comparing the bulletsresidual velocity, the ballistic limit, and the energy absorption with the results fromthe experiment work. The results show that the shear and strain are maximum inthe front layers while the tensile stress is maximum at the rear layers. The hybridplates have good ballistic limit, and using E-Glass fibers with carbon fibers reducethe cost and improving the energy absorption and the impact resistance.

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Plates with interior openings are often used in both modern and classical aerospace, mechanical and civil engineering. The understanding of the effects of two cutouts on the stress concentration factor, maximum stress and deflections in perforated clamped rectangular plates, were considered. Parameters such as location, size of cutout and the aspect ratio of plates are very important in designing of structures. These factors were presently studied and solved by finite element method (ANSYS) program. The results based on numerical solution were compared with the results obtained from different analytical solution methods. One of the main objectives of this study is to demonstrate the accuracy of the analytical solution for clamped square plate.
In general, the results of the square clamped plates with two cutouts come out in good agreement. The results presented here indicated that the maximum stress, deflection of perforated plates can be significantly changed by using proper cutouts locations and/or size. The results show that the rectangular plate containing two cutouts arranged along the width is stronger and stiffer than when arranged along the length at a given spacing, and the square plate is always stronger and stiffer than an equivalent rectangular plate for the same loading condition.

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In this study the simple pullout concrete cylinder specimen reinforced by a single steel bar was analyzed for bond-slip behavior. Three-dimension nonlinear finite element model using ANSYS program was employed to study the behavior of bond between concrete and plain steel reinforcement. The ANSYS model includes eight-noded isoperimetric brick element (SOLID65) to model the concrete cylinder while the steel reinforcing bar was modeled as a truss member (LINK8). Interface element (CONTAC52) was used in this analysis to model the bond between concrete and steel bar. Material nonlinearity due to cracking and/or crushing of concrete, and yielding of the steel reinforcing bar were taken into consideration during the analysis. The accuracy of this model is investigated by comparing the finite element numerical behavior with that predicted from experimental results of three pullout specimens. Good agreement between the finite element solution and experimental results was obtained.

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