Abstarct

Abstract:-There are different types of corruptions such as administrative, political, economic and financial corruption. The corruption forms also varied such as bribery, nepotism and extortion. All types and forms of corruption play significant role in the all economic variables generally and on investments in particular, and the corruption used to be an intermediate means in reducing the rate of economic growth. The corruption contributes in reducing the domestic investments via pay bribery by investors to officials’ persons for supplemental contracts and tenders which finally leads to reduction in the investment efficiency. The corruption also contributes in rise of operational costs for the investment projects. In addition, it contributes in providing inappropriate environment to inflow the foreign investments into hosted countries particularly those with high level of corruption.Iraq is among the countries with high level of corruption according to the corruption perceptions index via the low range of this index. Moreover, Iraq has been listed in the bottom according to the Transparency International Organization which lists the countries from the lower corruption to the highest.The corruption play negative role in investment reduction through reducing the ratio of domestic investment to GDP as well as reducing the foreign direct investment to Iraqi economy. The paper finds through ARDL estimation that there is a long run nexus between the corruption and the ratio of domestic investment to GDP. In addition, the econometric estimation discovered that there is long run and short run relationship between the corruptions and the ratio of foreign investment to GDP in Iraq during the period (2003-2016) by using quarterly data

Keywords

Export bibliographic record

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• BibTex

Abstarct

The legal reserve and inflation are considered macroeconomic variables. Monetary policy uses the Required reserve ratio as a tool to influence the volume of liquidity to be reflected on the general level of prices, Therefore the analysis of the relationship between the two variables is of great importance to demonstrate the ability and success of the Required reserve to contribute to stability of inflation during the period 2004-2016 , The aim of the study was to identify the nature of the relation between the two variables by reviewing the data and using the ARDL model to clarify the effect . The study concluded that there is a long-term effect and inverse response Moving of the Required cash reserve to the rate of inflation.

Keywords

Export bibliographic record

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• BibTex

Abstarct

This research aims to study the correlation between the domestic credit, provided to the private sector as a percentage of the gross domestic production GDP, and the nominal interest rate and the inflation rate in Jordan for the periods 1991-2016. The research adopts the autoregressive distributed lag model ARDL, using the augmented Dicky Fuller test, Granger causality test, and the long term and short term capabilities test of the model. The study found that there is a significant inverse relationship from the domestic credit to the nominal interest rate and the inflation rate. The results of the Boud Test were not decisive; so there is not possible to establish a common integration relationship and a long term equilibrium relationship between the variables.

Keywords

Export bibliographic record

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• BibTex

Abstarct

Public debt has posed a major challenge to both developing and developed countries, which has focused attention on the optimal limits (threshold of debt) and its determinants.The study examines the effect of the Public bank debt on the foreign reserves and the work of the foreign reserve as a limitation on the process of bank debt (part of the internal debt) for the period (2017-2004), in addition to finding the type and nature of the relationship between them according to the hypotheses of the study, Public bank debt and foreign reserves.The study was based on data from the Iraqi banking sector, which showed that Iraq has a foreign reserve in line with international standards, but maintains an excessive reserve. And that the Central Bank of Iraq cannot control the request or offer reserve, but he manages this reserve. It also shows Iraq's dependence on oil revenues in the sustainability of its debt, which means that increasing the oil resource works to sustain the public bank debt.Non-bank institutions contributed to the internal debt process (the Department for the Care of Minors and the National Pensioners Authority), and the Central Bank of Iraq contributed to the process of bank debt, by discounting remittances in the secondary market only, with the sharp decline in oil prices during the years (2017,2016,2015) (32.6, 51.5 and 48.6) % respectively, which gave an outlet to finance the deficit or military spending, while bonds constituted a low ratio. The contribution of the Central Bank of Iraq in the process of banking debt, led to the depletion of foreign reserves, where the window maintained the sale of foreign currency almost the same amount, while central dollar purchases from the Ministry of Finance decreased, which is offset through the reserves, and thus drain.

Keywords

Export bibliographic record

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• BibTex

Abstarct

This study aims to examine the short and long-term relationship between private investment and financial development in Jordan by using annual data from (1981-2017) this analyze relies on Auto Regressive Distributed Lag which offered by Pesaran et al (2001). Empirical results show that there is long run relationship between financial development especially, the wide money supply. However, this relationship took a negative curve Due to volatility and financial shocks. Nevertheless, the relationship return to the equilibrium condition through the adjustment coefficient, which reached 130% in the following year. The model showed structural stability in the long term through the two tests Cumulative total of residuals as well as the cumulative of sum of squares.

Keywords

Export bibliographic record

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• BibTex

Abstarct

The research aims to show the effect of financial liberalization on human capital in Iraq through the use of the Autoregressive Distributed lag model ARDL method for quarterly data for the period (2005-2016). The results of the relationship between indicators of financial liberalization (market value, credit, banking assets) and human capital showed a long-term balance relationship going from the variables of financial liberalization and spending on human capital in Iraq during the period (2005-2016), as the results of the long response Term The presence of a long-term, direct effect (bank assets and cash credit) on human capital, on the other hand, the results did not show the presence of a parameter of the market value in the long term in spending on human capital.

Keywords

Export bibliographic record

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• BibTex

Abstarct

The transformations of world economics have shown that trade liberalization can be a key factor in promoting economic growth. The empirical results of some developing countries also revealed a long-term balance between GDP growth and trade liberalization and showed a positive impact of trade openness on long-term economic growth. Thus, according to the theory of internal growth, a long-term relationship between foreign trade can be constructed as an estimate of the economic growth function by making the decline of economic growth on the elements of trade openness, including exports. So, this study aims to initiate the diversification process of the Algerian economic structure intended to support the strategy of economic growth and trying to implement this through estimating the long-term relationship between economic growth in Algeria and some indicators of trade openness using the model (ARDL) during the period (1974-2016).

Keywords

Export bibliographic record

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• BibTex

Abstarct

Abstract : In the past years, the Algerian Economy has witnessed various monetary developments characterized by different monetary and banking reforms aimed by monetary authorities to achieve monetary stability and driving overall growth. It should be noted that there is evidence to initiate fundamental changes on the basis of which new monetary, financing and banking policy mechanisms must be formulated in Algeria by enhancing the pursuit of reforming the monetary system, in order to improve monetary and economic indicators. The study aims to clarify the economic stability policies forms adopted by several countries in order to combat the economic structural imbalances. Based on monetary policy instruments and the fact that the monetary policy represents a side of general economic policy, it requires a high degree of coordination between its instruments. So, a strong conviction have been generated by monetary policymakers that price stability should be the long-term goal of monetary policy and monetary aggregates that have not been effective for long time In fighting inflation, prompting a new monetary policy approach focusing directly on reducing inflation. There are indications of fundamental changes in the vision on which the monetary policy mechanisms were formulated in Algeria, in order to ensure the safety of the financial system, Inflation has become an important economic indicator for the measurement of economic growth rates in Algeria, and it requires to the monetary authorities to research its determinants and address its causes. As far as it becomes an economic problem as much as it has a quantitative methods for assessing it and provide mathematical methods to measure it and explain its causes and treatment, and showed how monetary policy instruments are integrated to face the inflationary pressures. For that, the study concluded to estimate a long-term relationship between several national monetary policy variables using the ARDL model.

Keywords

Export bibliographic record

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• BibTex

Abstarct

المستخلص:تقوم المصارف بتعبئة المدخرات وتوجيهها داخل الاقتصاد، سواء كانت مصارف تجارية أم إسلامية وهي بذلك تسهم بزيادة العمق المالي، ويهدف هذا البحث الى قياس مدى مساهمة المصارف الإسلامية في زيادة العمق المالي في العراق، ومقارنته بالدور الذي لعبته المصارف التجارية الخاصة في المساهمة زيادة العمق المالي في العراق، وذلك من خلال استخدام مؤشرات العمق المالي ذات العلاقة، والتي تتلائم مع الاقتصاد العراقي. وقد وجد هذا البحث من خلال استخدام طريقة الانحدار الذاتي للإبطاء الموزع (ARDL)، ان المصارف الإسلامية لا تسهم في زيادة العمق المالي، كذلك هي الحال بالنسبة الى المصارف التجارية الخاصة، وان هذا الدور السلبي لكل من المصارف الإسلامية والمصارف الخاصة كان نتيجة للظروف التي يعيشها العراق، ومن أهم تلك المشاكل التي يعاني منها الاقتصاد العراقي هي أنهيار البنى التحتية للبلد خلال مدة التسعينات بسبب الحروب التي مر بها العراق، كذلك الحصار الاقتصادي الذي فرض على البلد خلال تلك الفترة، ومن ثم أحداث الغزو بعد عام 2003 التي اسهمت بشكل أكبر في أنهيار البنى التحتية، وضعف الدور الذي يلعبه القطاع الخاص في الاقتصاد، بسبب حالة التدهور الامني الذي يمر به العراق، مما جعل اداء المصارف ضعيفاً. المصطلحات الرئيسية

Keywords

Export bibliographic record

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• BibTex

Abstarct

AbstractThe financial market plays an important role in influencing the economic sectors, including the private industrial sector, through the provision of capital and transfer from savers to investors for the purpose of establishing or expanding projects. Therefore, the financial market is one of the important tools in stimulating the economy in general and the industrial sector in particular, Through the inclusion of industrial companies in the financial market and the introduction of industrial shares to the public, and then provide the necessary funding to stimulate the private industrial sector, Iraq is one of the oil-dependent countries on the oil sector mainly, which lacks industrial production, which is from Are the sectors that lead to economic recovery and increase the gross domestic product. There are several factors that led to the deterioration of industrial production in Iraq, including the frequent wars and the deterioration of infrastructure and the low funding resources necessary to revive it and the dependence on the main import and thus compete with local goods, so the financial market is an important tool For the financing of the private industrial sector, where it was shown through the practical application of the study and using the model of self-regression of distributed delay periods (ARDL) that there is a significant positive correlation and long-term relationship between the variables of the Iraqi market for securities and int C, the development of the Iraqi market for securities and increasing the inclusion of industrial companies lead to an increase in industrial production and thus improve the level of economic activity, and increasing the market value, the number of contracts and the number of industrial shares in the Iraqi market for securities lead to increase industrial production of private, The increase in trading volume leads to lower industrial production

Keywords

Export bibliographic record

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• BibTex