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Iraqi goats (27) were used in this study .They were diagnosed clinically as cases of postpartum open pyometra (external &vaginal examination ) .This study was performed in vet med /Baghdad university and two regions from Baghdad province ,their age 2-5years from 2008-2011. They were divided randomly into three groups (9goats of each group) .The 1st group treated with 250 µg of estrumate I/M injected and 2gm (10ml) oxytetracycline 20% intrauterine (I.U).The 2nd group treated with estrumate in same dose and 1tube of Metricure I.U and the 3rd group treated with estrumate and 25ml of0.5% loguls iodine . Results showed that the number of goats responded were 77.7%, 66.6%and 88.8% in the 1st ,2nd and 3rd group respectively . The mean of the days open were 43.12±9.16,148.31±8.24 and 136.42±8.51 in the 1st ,2nd and 3rd group ,1st and 2nd group were significant P<0.01 with 3rd group (decreases) .The number of newly born kids were 32 kids (17male ,15female ). The alive were 27(84.3%) and dead 5(5.7%) .The retention of fetal membrane recorded 4/21 (19.04). In conclusion that the PGF2α (estrumate) has an effect role in the treatment of pyometra in goats and its effect increasing when combined with loguls iodine or oxytetracycline.

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The objective of this study was to evaluate long and short-term protocols of estrus synchronization and their impact on the fertility in Iraqi goats. This study was conducted in the college of veterinary medicine at Diyala University for the duration extends from May - 2014 until November - 2014. The study included sixteen multiparous goats, these goats were allocated into two groups: Group I (short- term protoco),Group II (long-term protocol) treated with intravaginal sponges contain(20mg) cronolone (fluorogestone acetate) for 9 days for the Group I, and 12 days for the Group II and injection (250µg) cloprostenol for both groups in day of insertion. The goats of two groups were injected (750 IU) PMSG before 24 hours of removal the vaginal sponges and placed with one mature buck. Estrus detection was done by visual inspection. Pregnancy diagnosis was performed trans-abdominally using a real-time ultrasound examination with a 3.5MHz sector transducer, whereas, the scan was performed at 40-50day after estrus (estrus day=day 0).No significant difference was observed in the interval between the ends of the estrus synchronization protocol and standing heat amongst the goats of two groups. Whereas all goats show estrus signs after 36-48 hours from withdrawal of intravaginal sponges. The number of pregnant goats in two groups was (10/16; 62.5 %) while the number of non-pregnant goats in both groups was (6/16; 37.5%) with significant difference between these two groups at (P<0.01). The number of pregnant goats in the short-term protocol and long-term protocol was (4/8; 50%) and (6/8; 75%), respectively, with significant difference between two groups at (P<0.01). Litter size was 300% and166.7% in the short term protocol and long term protocol, respectively, with significant difference between two rates at (P<0.01). Conclusion: It was concluded that both two treatments protocols by using progestagen intravaginal sponges combined with PMSG and PGF2α were effective in estrus synchronization, and had positive effect on the fertility in Iraqi goats during breeding season.

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This study was carried on 21 Awassi ewes postpartum, the age of the animals ranged between 3-5 years. The animals were divided in to 3 groups (each group contain 7 animals). The first group was treated with 7.5 mg of prostaglandin F2α. The second group was treated with 20 IU oxytocin the third group was considered as a control group and was treated with 2 ml of normal saline. Bacterial swabs were taken from the vagina. The result revealed that there were 6 different types of bacteria, the predominant bacteria in the vagina of ewes were E.coli, and Staphylococcus aureus while Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Proteus vulgaris were less frequent isolates. The result showed that the number of all species of bacteria in PGF2α treated group less than in other groups. There were a significant differences (p>005) between the first group and the other two groups, While the number of vaginal bacteria did not affected in oxytocin treated group. It was concluded from this study that treatment of ewes with PGF2α postpartum reduce the bacterial flora of the vagina and metritis keeping of the ewes under non stressful condition is warranted to avoid clinical infection of reproductive tract with opportunistic bacteria

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This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of different hormonal treatments (GnRH&PGF2α) on reproductive performance of cystic ovarian follicles (COF) in native dairy river buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) in the region south of Baghdad under field condition. Animals suffering from (COF) for about 4-8 months (n=93) were subjected in this study and divided to two groups. Group 1 (n=43) treated with GnRH hormone and group 2 (n=50) treated with (GnRH and PGF2α) .The pregnancy rate after 60-90 days of treatment was 69.7%, 78.8% for group 1 and 2 respectively. No significant deference between the two groups (p <0.05) were found. We conclude that the combination of the two hormones (GnRH and PGF2α) more efficient in treatment of cystic ovarian follicles in dairy buffaloes.

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The study was conducted to investigate the effect of addition of zinc sulphate, cysteine, Prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) and their combination to the diluted semen on semen characteristics of Holstein bulls after different periods of cooling. The study was conducted on Artificial insemination Center/ Directorate of Animal Resources/ Ministry of Agriculture at Abu-Graib at the west of Baghdad during the period of Aug. 2019 to the Dec. 2019. Seven Holstein bulls were used, Aged between 2.5- 3 years. Semen was collected via Artificial Vagina one ejaculate per a week for three months. Fresh semen was evaluated which were of bad grand pooled semen were divided into 5 parts. The first part (T1) only diluted semen (Tris) serve as a control. The 2nd part (T2) added 0.576 mmol/ ml of zinc sulphate to diluted semen. The 3rd part (T3) added 5 mmol/ ml of cysteine to diluted semen. The 4th part (T4) added 37.5 pg/ ml of PGF2α to diluted semen to diluted semen. The 5th part (T5) added a combination of previous components to the diluted semen. Then the semen evaluated at 5C° after 24, 48 and 72 hrs. The results showed that the addition of zinc sulphate on cooled diluted semen have no significant difference between different periods in the percent of sperm individual motility. Addition of zinc sulphate and cysteine showed a significant increase (P<0.05) in the percent of sperm liveability. The addition of a combination (zn sulphate, cysteine and PGF2α) showed a significant decrease (P<0.05) in sperm abnormalities percent especially at 5C°. The results also showed the addition of zinc sulphate and PGF2α increase the percent of HOST (Hypo-osmotic swelling test) of spermatozoa at 48 hrs. after cooling. zinc sulphate addition showed a significant increase (P<0.05) at 5C° during as comported with other cooled period in the HOST. The addition of zinc sulphate showed a significant increase in cell membrane integrity at 5C° cooled semen. It was concluded that addition of antioxidant and hormone might improve semen quality of Holstein bulls.

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The study was conducted to know the level of Malondialdehyde (MDA) in seminal plasma of cryopreserved semen of Holstein bulls after addition of zinc sulphate, cysteine, PGF2α and their combination in vitro. Semen was collected from 7 Holstein bulls, presented in Artificial insemination Center which belonged to the Directorate of Animal Resources/ Ministry of Agriculture at Abu-Graib at the west of Baghdad. Pooled semen were diluted with Tris- based extender and divided into five parts. The first part (T1) serve as a control (without addition). The 2nd part (T2) added to it zinc sulphate (0,576 mmol/ ml). The 3rd part (T3) added to it cysteine (5 mmol/ ml). The 4th part (T4) added to it PGF2α (37.5 pg/ ml). while the 5th part added to it a combination of previous substances at the same concentration. They packed in straws and cryopreserved in a liquid nitrogen and after 30, 60 and 90 days. Seminal plasma when isolated to measure the level of MDA. The results showed a significant decrease (P>0.01) in MDA level in the combination treated group (zinc, cysteine and PGF2α) 0.450 ± 0.11 (mmol/ ml) as compared with control group 1.025 ± 0.38 (mmol/ ml), zinc 0.867 ± 0.12 (mmol/ ml), cysteine 1.06 ± 0.12 (mmol/ ml) and PGF2α group 0.968 ± 0.17 (mmol/ ml) respectively. It was concluded from this study that addition of a combination of zinc, cysteine and PGF2α to the Holstein bull semen could decrease the level of MDA which might be due to the synergistic effect of these substances.

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This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of different hormonal treatments protocols (PGF2α ,GnRH, estradiol and progesterone) hormones on reproductive performance of postpartum anoestrus native dairy River buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis), endemic south of Baghdad under field conditions . Present study was conducted on 128 animals that had postpartum anoestrus (PPA) for a period between 4 to 8 months. The animals were subjected to two experiments according to the type of anoestrus. In the first experiment 94 animals (73.5%) with persistent corpus luteum on their ovaries without any signs of estrous (sub-oestrus) were classified into two sub-groups.Sub-group1 (n=47) treated with PGF2α hormone alone and sub-group 2 (n= 47) were treated by two injections. The first injection was PGF2α. while the second injection GnRH+ PGF2α was injected after 9 days.In second experiment 34 buffalo cows without any structure on their ovaries (True anestrous) were classified into two sub-groups according to design of the treatment. Sub-group 1(n=14) was treated with estradiol as single injection. Sub-Group 2(n=20) received estradiol + progesterone .The results indicated that the pregnancy rate in sub- groups1 and 2 of the first experiment were 85.1% and 89% respectively , which was not significantly differ from each other (P < 0.05). While in the second experiment, the pregnancy rate for the first and second sub- groups were 71% and 75%, respectively. This study concluded that the prevailing situation of anestrous in postpartum buffaloes endemic south of Baghdad is anestrous with corpus luteum (Sub-oestrus) , 94 out of 128 (73.5%) , and the most efficient treatment protocol of these case are PGF2α + GnRH hormones ( pregnancy rate= 89%) . While estradiol + progesterone treatment are efficient in the treatment of animals suffering from true anestrous (pregnancy rate 75%).

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The present study was carried on 21 ewes divided in to three groups: 7 ewes injected with prostaglandin F2α, 7 ewes injected with oxytocin and 7 ewes injected with distal water used as control group. Bacterial swabs taken from the female uterus. The result revealed that there were 6 different types of bacteria, the predominant bacteria in the uterus ewes were Staphylococcus aureus 32.8%, and Escherichia coli 22% while Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus spp., Klebsilla spp. and Proteus vulgaris, were less frequent isolates (15, 12.4, 12.4, 5.4)% respectively. Also the result showed that the number of all species of bacteria in PGF2α group less than other groups. The observation that injected ewes with PGF2α caused a significant reduction of bacterial load in uterus compared with control group while number of uterus bacteria did not affect with injection of oxytocin which might have not stimulatory effect on immune system to resistance the bacterial infections

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The study was conducted on 22 cows of Holstein-Fresian breed, aged between 4-6 years, out of 918 cows were examined, presented in Al-Fyhaa station, Gbala area, Musaib, Babel province. All animals were examined between 60-90 days after parturition with rectal palpation. The animals were diagnosed as a persistent corpus luteum which improved with absence of oestrus in these cows (an estrus). The animals were treated with 22.5 mg of prostaglandin PGF2α I.M. after treatment the animals were followed within 72 hrs. The appearance of oestrus indicates the response to the treatment. The animals were inseminated and examined after two months to improve pregnancy. The prevalence of persistent C.L. was 2.39% (22918). The results showed that the response to treatment was 81.8% (1822) and the animals showed oestrus. The pregnancy rate were showed 83%(1518) after the first services. It was concluded from this study that the treatment of persistent C.L. with PGF2α give the best result with accuracy of more than 80%. The most of treated animals were become pregnant and this might be increase the reproductive and productive performance of treated cows

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