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In the present study, the determination of the heavy metals (Pb, Zn, Mn, Cu and Fe) which considered the main source of pollution in plants and soils, was carried out. (20) Samples are collected from different soils (depth 10 cm) and plant (roots and leaves of Wheat) from the northern, eastern and the southern sites to the illegal Bricks Factories. The metals accumulated by wheat plants were mostly distributed in root tissues , which grown near the illegal Bricks Factories which built close to environs of Babylon city (near to Babylon University) , and also (10) samples from plants and soils were collected from the region far from the illegal Bricks Factories as a control samples, it was found that the concentrations of these metals are very high compared with the control samples. The average concentration of metals in samples of plant was Pb (0.49; 0.32ppm) , Zn (0.63; 0.44 ppm) , Mn (5.6; 3.38 ppm) , Cu(0.56; 0.3 ppm) , and Fe (0.3; 0.21 ppm) (Root; Leave ) consequently. The average concentration of metals in samples of soils was Pb (0.74 ppm) , Zn (0.915 ppm) , Mn (9.38 ppm) , Cu 0.68 ppm) , and Fe (9.33 ppm).

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This study was conducted to investigate the inhibition role of alcoholic extracts of plants Trigonella foenumgraecum , Piper cubeba , Piper nigrum, Camphora , Commiphora molmol, Apium graveolens , Arachis hypogaea , Linum usitatissumun , Cuminum cyminum , Pimpinella anisum , Lepidium sativum , alcoholic extracts of plants used was prepared and used of concentration 200 mg/ml and add 0.2 ml of each extracts to 10 ml of media and 0.2 ml of Ethambutol to 10 ml of media the drug for mycobacteria and media with out any adding for controls. Cultural media were inoculated with 3 drops of bacterial suspension ( 1mg /ml ) in concentration 108 cfu/ml from patient suffering from tuberculosis and after incubation on 37 °C the result read weekly up to 4 weeks . the results showed good growth on the control slopes , which was evident within 2-3 weeks and no growth on the cultural media contain (Arachis hypogea , Cuminum cyminum , Commiphora molmol, Trigonella foenumgraecum , Lepidium sativum , Ethambutol ) it while the media contain (Piper nigrum , Pimpinella anisum showed than 5 colonies the growth inhibition was recorded that means sensitivity of mycobacteria to the extracts mention above, while media contain (Piper cubeba , Camphora , Apium graveolens ). showed growth more than 5 colonies and media contain Linum usitatissumun showed good growth which means resistant of mycobacteria to the extract mentioned above .

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Inventory and distribution of the aquatic plants historically recorded in the marshlands of Iraq were presented. More than hundred species of aquatic and amphibian plants have originally been recorded in the marshes of Iraq and less than 50% of this were recently recollected in 2004-2005. Several important aquatic plants such as the characteristic water lilies (Goaiba in Arabic) Nymphoides indica and N. peltata , the insectivorous Utricularia australis and the Arrowhead Sagittaria sagitifolia are seem to be disappeared. Until know sixteen obligate hydrophytes are not found. Two exotic species, Tamarix ramosissima and T. brachystichas invaded the area.Eight main types of aquatic vegetation were been identified and described, of which Hydrilla community was a new type for Iraq. The present status of plant diversity and communities of the Iraqi marsheswas compared with that mentioned in the past.

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Abstract: Objective: To assess two kinds of extraction (aqueous and methanolic) for Calendula officials using flowers, leaves and stems and studying their antibacterial activity against five different bacteria.Methodology: Calendula officials were selected to carry out this study. Flowers, leaves and stems were collected from local markets in Baghdad then dried in shade for 7 days and grinded to fine powder. Aqueous hot extracts for 2hr. at (100c˚) and alcoholic extracts for 48 hrs at (80c˚) were performed using flowers, leaves and stems then studied antibacterial effect against five different bacterial genuses by using well diffusion technique.Results: This study showed that hot aqueous extracts for 2hr. to all parts of Calendula officials indicated no antibacterial activity. While, methanolic extracts of flowers, leaves and stems for 48hrs had antibacterial activity and the highest values for inhibition zone shown in staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli.Recommendations: The present study has been suggested to use Calendula officials flowers extract as alternative medical therapy for microorganisms which may resist conventional treatment. This study is a first step for another future studies. It is necessary to use various extraction methods to give active materials with high percentage, although different organic solvents to be used with Calendula officials plant to obtain extracts used for testing different kinds of microorganisms which have highly resistance to conventional treatment.

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Probiotics mean live microorganisms that have beneficial effects on their host’s health. The purpose of this study was to compare aqueous, methanolic of some traditional plant extracts on the viability of dietary probiotic supplementation [a dietary probiotic (Protexin)]. Also, this study was conducted to evaluate the antibacterial effect of various extracts concentrations from 1.25 to 100 mg/ml of Rosmarinus officinal, Glycyrchiza glabra, Hibiscus sabdriffo, Curcuma longa, Citrus auratifolia swingle, Cinnamomum zeylancium, Urtica dioica, Thymus vulgaris, Punica grantum and Zingiber officinal on activities of probiotic bacteria Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, Streptococcus thermophillus by determining the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs). Complete Randomized Design (CRD) was used as experimental design. Means were compared according to L.S.D. values at 5% significant level. The result appeared that methanolic extract gave high significant effect on bacteria compared with aquatic extracts which may be due to the highly acidity. Depending on phytochemical screening, the highest concentration of the total identified phenols and Flavonoids were (35.63 and 13.53 %) for R. officinus methanolic extracts. Based on the results of this study R. officinus and C. auratifolia methanolic extracts had the lowest MIC 6.25 mg/ml against probiotic bacteria than the other tested extracts. Taken together, evidence gathered in the present study indicates that Z. Officinale, G. glabra, T. vulgaris and U. dioica aquatics extracts can be more safely in treatment of digestive diseases. More study most conducted to evaluate the pH for the traditional plants extracts to guarantee their useful uses in treatment of digestive diseases

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Hawler Medical University Zanco Journal of Medical Sciences Skip Navigation LinksHomeAvailable IssuesSearchEditorial BoardInformation for AuthorsReview ProcessCopyrightLinks and Contacts Zanco J Med Sci: Dec. 2014; 18 (3): 811-815Plants used in Iraqi traditional medicine in Erbil - Kurdistan regionAlaadin Naqishbandi ) (http://dx.doi.org/10.15218/zjms.2014.0038AbstractBackground and objective: Herbal medicine is a traditional or folk medicine practice based on the use of plants’ seeds, berries, roots, leaves, barks, flowers and plant extracts for medicinal purposes. This survey highlights the traditional phytotherapy practices by traditional healers of Erbil-Kurdistan region in the treatment of various disorders.Methods: An ethnobotanical survey was undertaken to collect information from traditional healers on the use of medicinal plants in Erbil-Kurdistan region. The indigenous knowledge of local traditional healers and the native plants used for medicinal purposes were collected through questionnaire and personal interviews.Results: The investigation revealed that the traditional healers were not professionally authorized and 32 plants belonging to 23 families were used to treat various diseases in traditional medicine. The plants reported have been identified and presented in a table with the vernacular names, useful parts, dosage preparations and medicinal uses. Conclusion: Many recorded species of plants are used in Erbil- Kurdistan region in traditional medicine but lack phyto-therapeutic evidence. Most indigenous plants remain to be studied which may yield many exciting data for further investigation.

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ABSRTACT:The study was carried out to isolate the bacteria that causing urinary tract infectionand to determine the rate of this bacteria and to determine the activity.of aquatic and alcoholicextracts of the plants (Nigella sativa, Trigonella foenum , Allium sativum , Vitis vinifera,Hordium valgara and Raphanus seeds).The study also carried out to study the synergism effect ofalcoholic extract on these bacteria .The infection percent caused by E.coli was 48% percent,Klebsiella pneumoniae was 32% percent and Pseudomonas aeruginosa was 20% percent.Theresults of the effects of plants extracts on the isolates show various effects depending on the extracttype,the extract concentration and the type of microorganism.The inhibition activity of the aquaticextracts were lower than alcoholic extracts for all the plants extracts except Allium sativum andNigella sativa and the inhibition activity of alcoholic extracts was increasing with inceasing theconcentration except Hordium valgara .The results of the synergesim effects of alcoholic extractsshow better effect than single effect of these plant extract .

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In the present work, the step by step technique is used to predict the performance of the power plant condenser. The procedure includes the calculation of pressure distribution, condensation temperature, water inlet and outlet temperature, condensation load distribution and single phase heat transfer sub-cooling. A quasi two dimensions model is applied, one in the tube water direction and the other in the vapor direction. It is applied with different operating conditions of the condenser such as operating pressure, air percentage mixed with steam, cooling water temperature and fouling factor on tube side for summer and winter seasons. The present model revealed that the fouling resistance has a great effect and plays the major part of the decline in the condenser performance. This is because it decreases the overall heat transfer coefficient and condensation rate. The performance of the condenser when the cooling water enters at the lower pass is better than the upper pass, due to the balance in the distribution of the heat transfer and the condensation rate between tube passes. The model is verified with field operating conditions of Southern Baghdad thermal power station. It has revealed that there is a good agreement between the field data and the present technique. The accuracy fell within (98) % and (89) % for the cooling water temperature prediction for summer and winter respectively, while it showed accuracy of (98) % and (99) % for the condensate exit temperature prediction for summer and winter respectively.

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In this study proposed design for reinforced concert barriers in industrial units is presented. The barriers are deemed to mitigate the hazards of internal explosions to protect the surroundings. The Technical Manual (TM5-1300) for fortified structures recommends the use of lacing reinforcement barrier walls when the plastic rotation exceeds a specified limit. Such reinforcement is essential in shear design but it needs special skill and additional cost. To avoid using lacing reinforcement, walls of grillage system is proposed in this study to reduce the plastic rotation of the panels. The Panels are designed to respond plastically, while the grillage members respond elastically. This advantageous from recruiting point of view since only the blast – damaged panels may be repaired.Results have showing that the (SDOF) analysis method as recommended by the (TM5-1300) [D.C., 1992] gives an upper bound solution as compared with the (F.E) method. Cubicles of ribbed walls show higher blast resistance and exhibits smaller plastic support rotation of panels than that of flat-sided walls. The minimum thickness required to avoid using lacing reinforcement have been obtained for different cases of grillage arrangements and charge weights.

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The seismic response of the nuclear tower is analyzed by investigating the frequency response during the main recorded events. The dynamic characteristics of the nuclear tower under seismic response with higher intensity are pointed out the dominant seismic time history components determines the response characteristics of the tower. The nuclear tower coupled with the seismic loadings will amplify the damages tothe structure. These results are consistent with field observations after major seismic response, this explains the symmetry of the nuclear tower damage during seismic response. Seismic resistance measures, such as viscous damping or energy dissipation, dynamic properties and nuclear tower vibration elements will help to increase theaccuracy of the life model. In this paper, improvement in using computing program and mathematical algorithms will increase both the accuracy and confidence of the results. The contact problem of the nuclear tower structure is another direction for a detailed understanding the mechanism of the nuclear tower structure interaction, such as mode shapes, eigenvalues/vectors, deformation, propagation and non-propagation of cracks, and the stresses slip of the foundation caused by random seismic loading that can lead to damage. This study is helpful for designing new seismic resistant nuclear towers structures to reduce damage.

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