Found: 328 resources
Benefits and Drawbacks of Online Assessment
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Assessment online has for a long time been seen asa coming use of computers in education. However, thereare reasons why it is still not fully used. At manyuniversities around the world computers are used inexamination but only on intranet not online on Internet. Thecomputers have been used instead of paper and pencil.This process has facilitated the collection of tasks solvedor answered by students at the university. Making a finalexam or assessment online answering questions with thehelp of a computer from an arbitrary place outside auniversity is rare. Pre-tests,a study that helps to solveexam tasks and preparatory tests for joining a school oruniversity are quite common but passing a universitycourse with only assessments online is not common. Wehave substituted parts of a final examination online and weare working on a full final examination procedure deliveredonly on the web.
Assessment of study design criteria of articles in the Annals of College of Medicine, Mosul 1990-2000
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Background: The assessment of the methodology of the articles published in medical journals is crucially needed to improve their performance. Aim: The present investigation is done to assess the main study design methods followed in the articles published by the journal of the Annals of College of Medicine, Mosul in Iraq during the period 1990-2000. Materials and methods: A cross sectional study design was chosen to examine the study methods of 13 issues of the Annals which were containing 145 published articles.A modified selected tool for assessing published articles according to their research design include: study aims and objectives, methodology used, sample selection, methods of randomization and blind allocation, potential sources of bias and methods of data analyses. The researchers were categorized according to their departments, as clinical & basic sciences.Results: It was seen that 58.6 % of the researches chose case reports and case series, 15.2 % used clinical trials, 13.7 % used case control designs, and 9.7 % used cross sectional methods. Only one research used the cohort study methods (0.7 %). The present study showed that more than two thirds of all the clinical departments used the case reports and case series designs, and the clinical trials were used by 16.2 % of investigators in departments of Medicine and Surgery. Furthermore, 54.5 % of Anatomy, and 64.7 % of Biochemistry researchers used case reports and case series methods in their studies.Conclusion & Recommendations: Most of the case reports and case series design in the Annals of the College of Medicine in Mosul were significantly well defined according to the average criteria. While most of the case control and clinical trial articles were significantly written with ill defined criteria. This necessitates the need for more efforts to be directed to tackle all the required criteria in the design and analysis of these studies. Key words: Assessment, criteria, design, appraisal
Nurses' knowledge about psychiatric patient seclusion in Jordan
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Back ground: Seclusion is used with or without restrain to confined violent clients who do not respond to less restrictive interventions and protect the client himself and others from harm. Understanding nurses' knowledge about seclusion is essential for the success in reducing or limiting its usage and improving the quality of patient care and prevention of work related stress in nurses. The study aimed to assess psychiatric nurse's knowledge about using seclusion for hospitalized patients &to establish a guideline for using for seclusion. Method: Semi-structured interview was conducted; the researcher use self- reported questionnaire to collect the data from 20 mentally health nurses. The questionnaire included seven items with multiple-choice options about personal knowledge of nurses throughout the seclusion process. Period of the study was between 8th and 30 of March 2011. Percentages were used primarily in this study to indicate the highest proportion of the proper answer for each question. Results: shows that half of the studied sample explained that seclusion used to reduce environmental stimuli for agitated patients, and it was very important for nurses. Results also indicated that the concept of seclusion was not so clear to the nurses who working with psychiatric patients. Conclusion: nurses believe in seclusion to be very necessary even in minor disturbance as a means of power and control. Recommendations: that using seclusion process and restraint should be used only when there is a risk or danger to the individual or others.
Assessment of Patient's Knowledge about Avoidance of Recurrent Urolithiasis
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Objectives : To assess the patient's knowledge about avoidance of recurrent Urolithiasis, and to identify the relationship between some variables (age, gender, level of education) and patient's knowledge. Methodology: a descriptive quantitative study is carried out at Al- kindy teaching hospital from 15th July 2013 to 20th August 2014. A non-probability (Purposive sample) of (100) patient's with Urolithiasis who attended to Extra Corporal Shock Wave Lithotripsy (ESWL) department within (18) years and more. The data are collected through the use of semi-constructed questionnaire, which consists of two parts (1) Sociodemographic data form that consist (6) items, (2) factors contributed to recurrent urolithiasis consist (43),by means of direct interview technique with the Urolithiasis patients. Reliability of the questionnaire is determined through a pilot study and the validity through a panel of (12) experts. The data were described statistically and analyzed through use of the descriptive and inferential statistical analysis procedures. Results: The findings of the present study indicate that the patients have poor knowledge about stone formation and composition, and the factors contributed to stone recurrence about life style related to diet, fluid intake, family and medical history, physical activities, medication intake.Conclusion: The study concludes that stone disease more common in male than female, the most of them were married and low economic status and have family history of urinary stone, also the study concluded that the decrease fluid intake, increase( calcium, oxalate, protein) diet, decrease physical activities, medication intake are the essential cause of Urolithiasis.Recommendations: The study recommends that all urological departments in hospitals in every governorate in Iraq should include instructional division about the avoidance of recurrent urolithiasis, provide patients with a booklet about the risk factors of recurrent Urolithiasis.
Obsessive‑Compulsive Symptoms among Clients Attending Psychiatric Outpatients’ Clinic in Duhok
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Background: Obsessive‑compulsive disorder (OCD) is a neuropsychiatric illness, develops in childhood, and can result in considerableimpairment to an individual’s lifespan. The persons suffer from OCD do not seek treatment in medical settings and remain undiagnosed ormisdiagnosed, and consequently, the person faces persistent untreated symptoms over time leading to considerable disturbance in familial,academic, or social functioning. Therefore, careful assessment of OCD symptoms is seminal to clinical practice. OCD among clients attendingthe outpatient clinic of Azadi Teaching Hospital in Iraq was assessed in the current study. Methods: This cross‑sectional study that consistedof 465 consecutive clients who visited an outpatient psychiatric clinic of Azadi Teaching Hospital in Iraq was designed, and face‑to‑faceinterview was performed using a translated Arabic version of Padua Inventory‑Washington State University Revision in order to assess theOCD symptoms. Results: The study confirmed previously unrecognized symptoms of obsessions and compulsions in those who visited thepsychiatric outpatients’ clinic. In addition, it was shown that among total obsessions and compulsions, obsessions included contamination,thoughts of harm to self/others, impulses to harm self/others and compulsions included checking and dressing/grooming and washing whichwere more prevalent in males, those completed primary school education, completed higher education, and divorced/married clients. Thestudy did not show any significant difference among different age group and employment aspects. Conclusion: The study confirmed thatsome individuals are unaware of their obsessions and compulsions and clinical screening would give us a golden opportunity to their issuerecognition and immediate treatment commencement.
Disability assessment of diabetic patients in Erbil city
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Background and objectives: The disabling effects of diabetes mellitus are multi-factorial, which can result in the high prevalence of long term complications. The aim of this study was to assess disability levels of diabetic patients. Methods: A quantitative design descriptive study was conducted in Leila Qasim Center in Erbil City in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq from February 2012 to February 2013. A non-probability purposive sample of 400 diabetic patients for more than 5 years was selected. A questionnaire was designed and divided into three parts: sociodemographic data, clinical data, and the standardized questionnaire developed by World Health Organization for disability assessment. Results: The highest percentage (57%) of diabetic patients had a moderate level of disability, while 23% had a mild level of disability. Severe level of disability was present in 20% of sample. No one had not disability or extreme level of disability. Conclusion: More than half of diabetic patients were in the moderate level of disability.
Assessment of primary schools' environment in Erbil city
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Background and objective: Healthy school environment is one of the main determinants of students’ health in order to maximize the benefit from the educational programs. This study was aimed to assess the primary school environment in Erbil city.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 50 primary schools in Erbil city out of 242 schools through the academic year 2010-2011. Data were collected using a questionnaire constructed by the researchers which included general information, area around the school, school environment, class-room and school canteen.Results: Most of the primary schools were located near the main street, nearly all (98%) the streets leading to the schools were paved. In contrast, thirty one (62%) schools had been exposed to a pollution source, mainly noise (54.84%) and garbage (45.16%) pollution. The majority of the schools had standard school fencing, school yard, and garbage container, and only 8 (16%) of them had available/standard school ground. The study showed that nearly half of the schools had appropriate classrooms, lighting, and majority of them had adequate desks, appropriate blackboards and clean classrooms, while ventilation and age appropriate desks were partially available. The amount of chlorine in water was not tested. There is lack of materials in the first aid kits. Canteens were available, but not standard and the working staff did not have the health certificate. Conclusion: School environment in Erbil city is not optimum.
MRI ASSESSMENT OF CLINICALLY SUSPECTED MENISCAL TEARS
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Background: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the tool commonly used in the diagnosis of meniscal tears. It has been suggested that, for clinically suspected meniscal tears, the adoption of routine MRI before therapeutic arthroscopy will reduce the number and cost of unnecessary invasive procedures.The aim of this study was to document MRI yield in knee injuries clinically suspected as possible meniscal tears in Duhok city Subject and Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted during the period from June to December 2014. A consecutive sampling procedure was used to enroll eighty cases of Knee injuries presenting with clinical features of meniscal tears. All patients underwent MRI examination by 1.5 Tesla machine.Results: The mean age of the patients was 33.5 years. The number of males was 58 (72.5%) with mean age 29.55 years while females constituted 22 (27.5%) with mean age 44years.The results revealed that 64 patients (80%) were affected by tear in the medial meniscus compared to 16 patients (20%) in the lateral meniscus .Isolated anterior horn tear was significantly more common in the lateral meniscus(12.5%) than in the medial meniscus (1.25%) while isolated posterior horn tear was more common in the medial meniscus (66.25%) than the lateral meniscus (7.5%)Conclusions: Meniscal tears were more common in males (~ 3/4th of cases) who presented at a younger age. Medial meniscal tears were four times as common as those affecting the lateral meniscus.
Functional Status of Patient with Pulmonary Tuberculosis
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Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is among the top infectious causes of death worldwide. Patients with treated TB may remain lifelong sufferers of disabling sequelae of the disease which subsequently impair their quality of life.Aims of study: The present study aimed to assess the functional status of patient with pulmonary tuberculosis and to and the relationship between the patients functional status and their Socio-demographic data which as (Residence, Gender, Age, Occupation, Socio-economic status, Duration of disease, number of previous hospitalization and Smoking). Methodology: A descriptive study was used to achieve the study objectives. The study was started from March, 4th, 2018 to Sept., 11th, 2018. The study is conducted in a City of Al-Najaf Al-Ashraf in Consultant Clinic for tuberculosis and Chest Diseases. A non-probability accidental sample of thirty patients with pulmonary tuberculosis who are selected from patients whose visit the Consultant Clinic for T.B. and Chest Diseases in "Al-Hakeem General Hospital". Data collected on structured questionnaire planned specifically for this study, and it is consist of two parts: Part one Included Socio-demographic characteristics and clinical data, and Part two Include (5) domain related to functional status for patient with pulmonary tuberculosis. The study instrument validity is conducted through a panel of experts who have years of experience in nursing field. Data analysis by using descriptive and inferential statistics (percentage, frequency, mean of score and Chi-Square)Results: The study results revealed that the overall assessment for the patients' response to the functional status domains is acceptable. Also there was no-significant relationship between the study subject functional status and their demographic data except with the study subject residency and age. Conclusions: The study concluded that the patients living in urban residential area are more vulnerable to get pulmonary tuberculosis than those living in rural area and males also more vulnerable to get pulmonary tuberculosis than females. Recommendations: improved the role of physician and nurse to take their roles toward instruct patient toward their disease and how to dealing problems to achieve the highly quality of life and continuous follow-up for all tuberculosis patients especially those who live in urban area.Key wards: assessment, patient, pulmonary tuberculosis.
Cognitive Effects of Tumor and Surgical Treatment in Patients with Cerebral Gliomas
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Background: Quality of life in brain tumor patients is an emerging issue and has prompted neurosurgeons to recon¬sider the need for cognitive assessment in the course of treatment. To date there has been a lack of comprehensive neuropsychological assessment performed preoperatively and in the acute postoperative period in our hospitals.Objectives: to establish the effects of tumors and their surgical treatment, from a neuropsychological perspective, on cognitive functioning in patients with cerebral Gliomas. Methods: This is a prospective study conducted in the Neurosurgical Hospital in Baghdad, Iraq, during the period from January 1999 to January 2001. Any patient admitted during the period of the study with clinical history, signs, symptoms, and contrast enhanced MRI suggesting a cerebral glioma and confirmed by postoperative histopathological results of glioma has been included in this study. While multifocal lesions, long-lasting epilepsy, use of antiepileptic therapy, multiple cranial lesions, previous cranial surgery, any chronic illness, and histopathological result of other tumors were exclusion criteria. All patients were at their first operation for brain tumors. Patients were examined by analyzing several functional domains (intelligence, executive functions, memory, language, praxis, gnosis and mood state) in order to establish the effect of tumor and surgery on cognition.Results: 29 patients who fulfilled the selection criteria were included. Mean duration of clinical history was 5 months (range 1–9 months). At baseline, using test- and domain-based criteria, 79% and 38% of patients, respectively, were impaired, the former related to tumor factors such as edema (P < 0.05), larger size (P < 0.05) and higher grade (P = 0.001). Verbal memory, visuospatial memory and word fluency were the most frequently affected functions, partly associated with depression. Postoperatively, 38% and 55% of patients, respectively, were unchanged, 24% and 21% improved, and 38% and 24% worsened; 24% and 62% of patients were intact, respec-tively.Conclusions: The extent of removal did not influence the outcome. Improvement involved previously impaired functions and was correlated with high-grade tumors. Worsening regar¬ded executive functions was related to tumor size and was partly explained by radiological findings on postoperative MRI. This prospective study, focusing on the effects of tumor and surgery, showed that tumor significantly affects cognitive func¬tions, mainly due to the mass effect and higher grading. Surgical treatment improved the functions most frequently affected preoperatively and caused worsening of execu¬tive functions soon after operation, leaving the overall cognitive burden unchanged and capable of improvement prospectively.