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This paper presents the effect of varying operating conditions on pollutantsemission (carbon monoxide [CO], unburned hydrocarbon [UHC], and Soot) fromconstant pressure burner. In this research a liquid fuel used are gas oil andkerosene .The operating conditions which taken in account are atomizationpressure, inlet air temperature, equivalence ratio, as well as type of fuel.It is found that the Carbon monoxide and Unburned hydrocarbon are inverselyproportional to inlet air temperature with maximum decrease of (95%, 43%)respectively. In contrast, soot is directly proportional to inlet air temperature as themaximum increase in soot emission is 170%. Carbon monoxide , Unburnedhydrocarbon , and Soot are inversely proportional to Atomization pressure as themaximum decrease in Carbon monoxide , Unburned hydrocarbon, and sootemissions are (56.5%, 37.4%, 76%) respectively. The relation between Carbonmonoxide, Unburned hydrocarbon, and soot with equivalence ratio is directlyproportional as maximum increase in Carbon monoxide, and Unburnedhydrocarbon emissions are (130%, 81 %,) respectively, while soot emissions is 190%. Emissions from a constant pressure burner depend on the physical and chemicalproperties of fuel used, such as (viscosity, surface tension, volatility, the ratio ofhydrogen atoms number to carbon atoms number (H/C), and lower heating value).it is found that the maximum increase in Carbon monoxide, Unburnedhydrocarbon, soot emissions from gas oil are generally higher than those fromkerosene fuel by (72%,17.5%,38%) respectively`.

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This paper presents the effect of products cooling on the pollutants emission of (carbon monoxide [CO], unburned hydrocarbon [UHC], nitrogen oxide [NOX], and Soot) from a continuous combustion chamber. Products cooling technique was accomplished by installing heat exchanger in the way of the exhaust gases. The water flow rate through heat exchanger was varied from 0 to 30 liters per minute with 10 liters per minute increment. With a droplet size of 80 µm for gas oil fuel and kerosene fuel, and local equivalence ratio was varied from 0.8 to 1.4. When using the products cooling technique it was found that the NOX is inversely proportional with increasing the water flow rate through heat exchanger with the maximum decrease in NOX emissions of 18.76%. But , CO , UHC and soot are directly proportional to increasing the water flow rate through heat exchanger as the maximum increase in CO , UHC and soot were (27.43%,26.32%,19.87%) respectively .also found the emissions from gas oil fuel more than kerosene fuel .

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The present work represents an investigation for the pollutants emission when adding water to air in a continuous combustion chamber. Direct water injection into the chamber with water/fuel ratio up to 0.8, as well as, humidifying the inlet air with water prior to the chamber by changing humidity between 20 to 100%, has been examined at different equivalence ratio with gas oil fuel. The results with fuel droplet size of 80µm and Φ=0.8, show that when water directly injected, NOx and soot will decrease by 53% and 56.6% respectively. Nevertheless, CO and UHC are to increase by 108% and 84% respectively. On the other hand, when inlet air has humidified, the decrease in NOx and soot will be 17.15% and 17.94% respectively. But, CO and UHC show an increase of 13.5% and 8.47% respectively.

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This study investigates the effect of using olive oil on the pollutants emissions in the continuous combustion chamber. The bio-fuels used are mixtures of olive oil with two types of hydrocarbon fuels (gas oil and kerosene). The pollutants measured include carbon monoxide CO, unburned hydrocarbon UHC, soot and nitrogen oxide NOx .It is found that all pollutants have less percent emissions when using olive oil blended with percent addition of 5%, 10%, and 15%. The reduction in emission with olive oil blends is due to the existence of oxygen O2 in the chemical structure of the olive oil which is sufficient to achieve the complete combustion. The test was conducted through the range of equivalence ratio between (0.85-1.7). Results showed that olive oil blends with gas oil brings about 45.63% reduction in UHC and 36.48% soot, while CO 32.24% and NOx showed only about 39.54% reduction from that of pure gas oil. Whilst, blends with kerosene, showed a reduction of about 48.92% in UHC and 42.13% soot, while for CO and NOx the reduction was 37.41% and 42.85% respectively compared with those of pure kerosene emission.

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This study investigates the effect of Castor oil on the pollutants emissions in the continuous combustion chamber. The bio-blend fuels used are mixtures of Castor oil with two types of hydrocarbon fuels (gas oil and kerosene). The pollutants measured include carbon monoxide CO, unburned hydrocarbon UHC, soot and nitrogen oxide NOx . It is found that all pollutants have less emissions when using Castor oil blended in different percentages of 5% , 7%, and 10% . The lower emission with Castor oil blends due to the existence of oxygen O2 in the chemical structure of the Castor oil which is sufficient to seek the complete combustion. The test were conducted through the range of equivalence ratio between (0.85-1.7) . Results showed that Castor oil blends with gas oil brings a reduction of about 71.2% in CO, 22.1% in UHC, 37.8% in NOx and 29.6% in soot emissions from that of pure gas oil. But, blends with kerosene, showed a reduction of about 70.6% in CO, 20% in UHC, 35.8% in NOx and 29% in soot emissions compared with those of pure kerosene.

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Combustion processes are the primary sources of air pollution. Measures are taken to reduce emissions from combustion processes. This paper is an experimental study of the effect of spray angles on the emission of pollutants from a continuous combustion chamber using the liquid fuels (gas oil). The angles of spraying studied are 30°, 45°, and 60°. The pollutants CO, SOOT, and NOx are measured. The results showed that the emissions at 45° were less than that at 30° at the corner of 30°. This reduction in emitted pollutants was due to the decrease in droplet diameter associated with the increase of the spray's angle. Better atomization and mixing in this case improved and the mixture is more homogeneous. However, this caused higher temperatures leading to increased rates of emission of SOOT and NOx. The greater the angle of the spray displays, droplets diameters decreased, and the amount of evaporation increased producing higher combustion temperature and decreased emission of CO. However, this caused an increase in SOOT and NOx emissions.

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