Response Chamomile Plants (Matricaria chamomilla L.) to Plant Distance and Spraying with Two Amino Acid Proline and Arginine and their Affectivity on Growth, Flower Yield and Volatile Oil Content and its Quality

Abstract

This experiment was conducted during the Agricultural season of 2009-2010 inAgricultural Orchard at Abu–Al-Khassib District, Basrah Governerate .the objective was studying theeffect of plant distance and spraying with two amino acids Proline and Arginine on growth and floweryield of Chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.) and its content of volatile oils. Experiment included 15factorial treatments as sum of all combinations of two factors represented by three plant distances 20 , 30and 40 cm and spraying with three concentrations 0, 50 and 100 mg/L .of two amino acid Proline andArginine. Factorial Experiment in Randomized Complete Block Design with three replicates. The meanswere compared according to Least Significant Difference Test at probability of 0.05. Results could besummarized as follows:-Increases plant distance gave a significant increases plant height ,number oflateral branches/ plant ,number of total leaves / plant, leaf contents of carbohydrates, reduced the day'snumber for anthesis and increased the total flowers number/ plant, flowers fresh and dry yield/plant,volatile oil percentage and oil yield /plant,. respectively. while planting at 20 cm significantly increasedthe productivity /ha., oil density and specific gravity. While planting at 20 cm was significantly increasedthe flower and oil product /ha. Spraying with 100 mg /L Proline gave significant increase in plant height,number of lateral branches /plant, number of total leaves/plant, leaf contents of carbohydrates, totalnumber of flower/plant fresh and dry flowers yield / plant, an thesis was earlier, volatile oil percentage,plant yield and productivity /ha., volatile oil specific weight and density compared with 100 mg /LArginine only, while spraying with 100 mg /L Arginine was significantly increased the volatile oilspecific gravity and density compared with other concentrations. The interaction between all studiedfactors had significantly affecting all parameters except refractive index of volatile oil.