Effect of Exposure to Progesterone During Intrauterine Period on Reproductive System of Female Mouse Morphological and Biochemical Study

Abstract

Background:progesterone used as a therapeutic agent in human pregnancy. Thesufficient evidence to hypothesize that progesterone may have teratogeniceffecton the reproductive system of female offspring.Objectives:This study was established to explore the individual impact of differentdoses of progesterone during intrauterine period on reproductive system offemale mouse, and on some reproductive parameters.Materials and Methods:ninety adult female mice (8-10 weeks) and weight (25-28) gm divided into three groups. Control group (G1) was treated daily (IM)injection with sesame seed oilfrom 1-14 day of pregnancy, and other two groupsthat treated with different doses of progesterone G2 (0.4mg/kg. B.wt/day), G3(0.8mg/kg. B.wt/day), daily (IM) injection of progesterone from 1-14 day ofpregnancy then selecting of Female offspring and sacrificed at age zero day, onemonth, two month. Parameter analysis involvedanogenital distance , bodyand ovary weights, , length of epithelial cells, number and diameter of follicles(Primordial , Primary , Secondary and Mature antral) , corpus luteum and usinghistological section by (motic image plus) and hormonal assay including progesteroneand Estrogen.Results: The results of this study demonstrated that at one month, two monthsafter birth, there was a highly significant increase P< 0.01 in theanogenital distance. The statistical analysisshowed no statistical significant difference in thebody and ovary weights , at one month after birth, The statistical analysisshowedhighly statistically significant decreased(P< 0.01 ) in both G2 and G3 in thenumber of follicles . At one,two months after birth, there was a highly significantdecreased (P< 0.01 ) in both G2 and G3 in the number ofcorpora lutea. At agetwo month, there was a highly significant decreased (P< 0.01 ) in both G2 andG3 in the height of epithelial cell layer.There was a highly significant decreased(P< 0.01 ) in both G2 and G3 in the diameter of follicles (Primordial , Primary ,Secondary and Mature antral) follicles . There was a highly significant decreased(P< 0.01 ) in both G2 and G3 in Estrogen and Progesterone levelof female offspringwhen compared with the control group G1.Conclusion: The results showed higher doses of progesterone for long period in pregnancycan impact some reproductive parameters of female offspring mice.