BOVINE VIRAL DIARRHEA AND PERSISTENTLY INFECTION OF CATTLE AT NINEVEH PROVINCE, IRAQ

Abstract

The current study was conducted to determine the prevalence of Bovine viral diarrhea andpersistently infected (PI) animals at Nineveh province ,Iraq, using antigen capture enzymelinked immunosorbent assay (AC-ELISA) test and multiplex reverse transcriptase polymerasechain reaction (RT- PCR technique) as a diagnostic tool and to determine BVDV genotypes,However, investigation of some epidemiological risk factors associated with occurrence ofdisease was also encountered. The study was started from January to August, 2017. A total of494 cattle ear notches (112 adult cows, 30 younger calves and 352 young beeflot calves) wassampled and tested. For investigating of the persistently infected animals, The positive cattlewere screened for a second time after four weeks from the first sampling, Moreover,epidemiological data collected through interview with the farmer s’ owner. Furthermore, The 5-Untranslated rejoin (5’ UTR gene) of BVDV extracted from ear notch were used to determinethe genotypes of the virus. Results indicated that the overall prevalence of BVD in Ninevehprovince based on AC-ELISA and multiplex PCR technique was 5.46% and 13.96%,respectively.Moreover, the prevalence of PI in cattle was 0.8% for each test. According toKappa value (0.457), it has been found that, the multiplex PCR is highly efficient for diagnosisof BVDV in cattle than AC-ELISA test. It was indicated that both BVDV1 and BVDV2 weredetected in Nineveh province at (12.95%, 1.01%) respectively. Results were also indicated thatthe cattle ages, genders, breeds, importation, large herd size, regions and the seasons