Environmental and Biological study of Arab - Kand waste water channel in Erbil Governorate Kurdistan Region - Iraq

Abstract

The studied area is located between Latitude 36° 03' 29"E to 36°10' 45" E and Longitude 43° 30' 29" N to 43° 56' 11" N at south west of Erbil province and extend to north east of Guer town within total length area about (50 km). The drainage patterns are of dendritic type. In present study 48 water samples were collected and analyzed during two periods. 24(20 water samples in Arab-Kand and 4 samples in Greater-Zab river) water samples belonging to the first period (Nov. 2005), and 24(20 water samples in Arab-Kand channel and 4 samples in Greater-Zab river) water samples belonging to the second period (May 2006) in order to calculate biological properties of sewage water along Arab- Kand channel and then determined the effect on Greater-Zab river. The study also includes determination of biological parameters are DO, (was low especially in second period because of high temperature in comparison with the first period)COD (recorded in both season and also BOD5 are high in both periods because they content high amount of organisms and organic matter )and BOD5(considered as a weak domestic wastewater). Biological indicators are (Coliform and fecal coliform), with huge account of bacteria number in coliform and fecal coliform. Generally the sewage water is unsuitable for human consumption but suitable for building and industries purposes. It is also suitable for irrigation and agriculture with regarding the plant type, and suitable for livestock purposes but in some station unsafe for this purpose due to rising in total account of bacteria.