Diabetes Mellitus Risk Factors and Awareness among patients with Type II Diabetes Mellitus Disease in Al-Noaman General Hospital in Baghdad City - 2014

Abstract

Background: Diabetes is a chronic disease that occurs either when the pancreas does not produce enough insulin or when the body cannot Background: Diabetes is a chronic disease that occurs either when the pancreas does not produce enough insulin or when the body cannot effectively use the insulin it produces.Hyperglycemia , or raised blood sugar, is a common effect of uncontrolled diabetes and over time leads to serious damage to many of the body's systems, especially the nerves and blood vessels .Objectives : 1. To assess the trends of risk factors in patients with type (II) Diabetes Miletus.2. To assess the awareness of patients with type (II) Diabetes Miletus.3. To assess the Dietary Pattern of patients with type (II) Diabetes Miletus.Method: A Cross sectional descriptive study with convenience non probability sampling had been carried out during the period between February- June , 2014 that (160 ) available patients in AL-Noaman hospital in Baghdad city were interviewed . Results: The study showed that most of patients were above 60 years of age with average income , low education & had the disease for more than 5 years . Females formed 62% of those involved patients. For other risk factors half of them were still smokers, 62.5% were with family history of the disease , half of patients had hypertension , quarter of them had heart failure & small part of them had renal failure & ischemic heart disease. For the average mean of blood cholesterol was 259 mg /dl, SD ± 83.55 , (CI 275.38- 242.62) p value < 0.05 while average mean of triglycerides was 212 mg /dl , SD ±29. 31, (CI 217.75- 206.25) p value <0.05& average of body mass index (BMI) was 34.For knowledge & awareness about the disease half of patients knew it by having frequent hunger , thirst & less by frequent urination , blurred vision & others discovered it accidentally. . For risk factors quarter of them said that it occurred due to family history of the disease , others said that it occurred due to lack of exercise , obesity , diet , heart disease while half of them didn’t know about them & most of them didn’t know about the complications of the disease . - More than half of them said that sugar & sweets should be avoided , others said that should avoid all carbohydrates & oil while half of them said that should avoid pregnancy for diabetic females & the same said that could skip treatment when the level of blood sugar has been controlled . - For checking of blood sugar , 50% said that should be checked weekly & others said should be checked monthly . -More than half of them had their knowledge from relatives while only small part of them had their knowledge from medical staff & there was significant association between awareness & education that x² = 40 , P value =0.005 . - For dietary pattern the study showed that half of them had good & average intake of red meat & more for chicken while 80% with poor intake of fish . more than half of patients had average intake of full cream milk , full cream cheese while reached to70% with good & average intake of yogurt . for egg half of them had boiled & others had fried eggs daily. For carbohydrate most of them had eaten white bread and the same had eaten rice with oil daily while only 20% had brown bread daily . Half of them had good & average intake of fresh vegetables & more for cooked vegetables . Half of them had average & poor intake of apple & banana while for orange 60% had poor intake. Most of them took of tea with sugar & less for coffee with sugar . Conclusion: most of patients were with poor awareness about the disease &still has high risk factors and most of medical tips were from relatives with poor application of these tips and didn’t follow a healthy lifestyle & dietary pattern.effectively use the insulin it produces.Hyperglycemia , or raised blood sugar, is a common effect of uncontrolled diabetes and over time leads to serious damage to many of the body's systems, especially the nerves and blood vessels .Objectives : 1. To assess the trends of risk factors in patients with type (II) Diabetes Miletus.2. To assess the awareness of patients with type (II) Diabetes Miletus.3. To assess the Dietary Pattern of patients with type (II) Diabetes Miletus.Method: A Cross sectional descriptive study with convenience non probability sampling had been carried out during the period between February- June , 2014 that (160 ) available patients in AL-Noaman hospital in Baghdad city were interviewed . Results: The study showed that most of patients were above 60 years of age with average income , low education & had the disease for more than 5 years . Females formed 62% of those involved patients. For other risk factors half of them were still smokers, 62.5% were with family history of the disease , half of patients had hypertension , quarter of them had heart failure & small part of them had renal failure & ischemic heart disease. For the average mean of blood cholesterol was 259 mg /dl, SD ± 83.55 , (CI 275.38- 242.62) p value < 0.05 while average mean of triglycerides was 212 mg /dl , SD ±29. 31, (CI 217.75- 206.25) p value <0.05& average of body mass index (BMI) was 34.For knowledge & awareness about the disease half of patients knew it by having frequent hunger , thirst & less by frequent urination , blurred vision & others discovered it accidentally. . For risk factors quarter of them said that it occurred due to family history of the disease , others said that it occurred due to lack of exercise , obesity , diet , heart disease while half of them didn’t know about them & most of them didn’t know about the complications of the disease . - More than half of them said that sugar & sweets should be avoided , others said that should avoid all carbohydrates & oil while half of them said that should avoid pregnancy for diabetic females & the same said that could skip treatment when the level of blood sugar has been controlled . - For checking of blood sugar , 50% said that should be checked weekly & others said should be checked monthly . -More than half of them had their knowledge from relatives while only small part of them had their knowledge from medical staff & there was significant association between awareness & education that x² = 40 , P value =0.005 . - For dietary pattern the study showed that half of them had good & average intake of red meat & more for chicken while 80% with poor intake of fish . more than half of patients had average intake of full cream milk , full cream cheese while reached to70% with good & average intake of yogurt . for egg half of them had boiled & others had fried eggs daily. For carbohydrate most of them had eaten white bread and the same had eaten rice with oil daily while only 20% had brown bread daily . Half of them had good & average intake of fresh vegetables & more for cooked vegetables . Half of them had average & poor intake of apple & banana while for orange 60% had poor intake. Most of them took of tea with sugar & less for coffee with sugar . Conclusion: most of patients were with poor awareness about the disease &still has high risk factors and most of medical tips were from relatives with poor application of these tips and didn’t follow a healthy lifestyle & dietary pattern..