Styles of calligraphy design

Abstract

The Arabic calligraphy is of great importance in the Arab-Islamic civilization. It is an effective means of communication and a record of the history of nations and heritage, through which the world learns about Arab thought and Islamic civilization. The virtue of writing and writing has been demonstrated by God Almighty at the very beginning of any prayer. With the pen the science of man unless he knows. The art of calligraphy is one of the largest and most remarkable productions in the history of Islamic art through its higher degrees, so that it acquired the significance of Islam and became a symbol of it, according to its function in the Qur'anic texts. And the emergence of linear paintings is one of the product of this continuous pursuit, and an advanced stage in the development of technical and expressive, and the emergence of written vacations is one of the natural product generated by the development of the lines and the increasing ways to employ it has begun the concept of written leave develops based on a key element in the completion, In writing h And this is a qualitative shift in the field of Arabic calligraphy, because it is the result of the art of the University of the values of several lines according to their precise rules as well as decorations that are not less quality and purity.The researcher sought in the first chapter of his research to put the problem on several points:1. There are differences in the methods of designing calligraphy licenses.2. Detection of methods of designing calligraphy licenses.Research Objectives: The researcher sought to discover the methods of designing calligraphy holidays by studying the diversity of linear leaves and the variety of lines used in them, which was identified by the researcher in the works that appeared in Iraq, Turkey, UAE and Maghreb countries within a period set from (1157 AH - 1744 CE), (1430 AH – 2010(. The focus of the theoretical framework in the second chapter was based on topics such as the development of linear leaves and their importance in the Arabic calligraphy, the linear diversity of linear leaves, and the formal diversity in the design of linear paintings. The third chapter was devoted to the presentation of the research procedures which included the society on the written vacations of all types, which amounted to (100) model, the researcher chose samples of intentional (6) form, which accounted for (%) of the total society, Using the tool which is the analysis form, which was built on several axes, supervised by a group of specialists in this field .The fourth chapter included the following results:1. The diversity of the styles of the design of the license plates gave full freedom to the calligrapher to highlight his talent and enable him to master the lines, and differed in terms of simplicity in its design and form. There was the linear patch, the prophetic, the library, the quadrilateral, the university and the certificate of discretion.2. The Arabic fonts used in the written leave were varied by the student, such as the third, the copies, the commentaries, the diwani, the diwani, the kufi, and the dowry, except the line of leave which was the specialty of the professor.3. The third line was the most used in the written leave and then followed by the line of copying, as the real criterion for highlighting the skill of the calligrapher and its completion according to the rules and written rules.4. The absence of linear structures in the leaves because the basic purpose is to adjust the rules and the font of the line, except for the university painting, which is a qualitative development of written leave5. Use in the writing of the text of the written leave line copy and vacation and Nestlique and the use of diwani and a quarter and a third and tyranny on some leaves.6. The absence of vacations for the types of lines such as the Kufi line, despite his foot, as well as the line of the patch and Diwani, but it was within the license plate university.7. The quaternary vacation was allocated in the Nastaalik line without any other lines, and the leave was written in the same line as the signature.8. The texts on the holidays varied from Quranic verses, prophetic traditions, rulings and proverbs, as well as prose and verses of poetry.9. The methods of formulation of the license were varied among the lecturers (Izzat, and Eshet), and other expressions that indicate the leave.10. Variation of the vocabulary of plant decoration in the interior and in the outer frame enhanced the aesthetic dimension of the written leaves