Russian – Turkish relations between strategic constants and political variables

Abstract

Russian – Turkish relations are central to Euro – Asian relations, especially since both countries have geostrategic and geopolitical importance in global strategic planning. Both the Russian Empire and the Ottoman Empire sought to expand in Central Asia, the Caucasus, the Balkans. After the First World War 1918, Europe broke into a wave of republics which were characterized by the demise of four empires: Ottoman, Austrian, German and Russian, the world order was divided after the Second World War in 1945 into two camps: a United States – led capitalist and a Communist led by the Soviet Union which makes Turkey became the first line of defense against Communist influence in the Middle East which encourage Turkey to join the North Atlantic Treaty Organization alliance, and the Baghdad alliance, but the Russian – Turkish relations were interspersed with understanding on specific issues.After the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, and the emergence of the new unipolar American – led international order, Russia was revived, while Turkey sought to survive in the Western system. America pushed North Atlantic Treaty Organization expansion in attempt to contain Russia. But so many significant variables have changes quickly such as the arrival of Russian President "Vladimir Putin" To power in 2000, which put forward a strategy to restore the role of Russia in the world, which coincided with the American strategy after the bombing of the World Trade Towers and the Pentagon in 2001, as well as the arrival of the Justice and Development Party under the leadership of "Recep Tayyip Erdogan" in 2002, under the slogan of a strategy to solve problems, but the Russian – Turkish rivalry did not hide in the Caspian Sea, The Black Sea, the Adriatic Sea, and the Ionian Sea. Under the so – called "Arab Spring Revolutions" in 2010, the Syrian crisis occurred in 2011, Russia supported the survival of the Syrian regime, while Turkey supported the American strategy of overthrowing the regime.