Foreign Interventions in Ethiopia and their Effect on water security in Egypt and Sudan

Abstract

This paper tackled the problem of international interventions and their effect on water resources in Egypt and Sudan represented by United States of America and Israel on one side, and the intrusions of the World Bank along with Italian and Chinese intrusions on the other side. Both USA and Israel, as outside forces affecting the regional regime of the Nile Basin, play a role that is inciting water struggle in the basin whether directly or indirectly in a way that warranties their national benefits in that region. These two countries afford financial and technical support for Ethiopia in building dams and water projects on the Blue Nile River in order to affect water resources in Egypt and Sudan to weaken them politically and economically as the Nile is regarded the vital artery of Egypt and Sudan. Moreover, the paper also dealt with the intrusions of the World Bank in supporting Ethiopian projects and dams. This support is considered as inciting water struggle between spring countries (Ethiopia) and estuary countries (Egypt and Sudan) especially as Israelites occupy important posts in it. In addition, the paper paid due attention to Italian and Chinese interventions in terms of backing dams constructions in Ethiopia, as what the Italian Salini Company do nowadays in constructing the Ethiopian Al-Nahdha dam (Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam). As for Chinese intrusions, it is obvious in the fact that many Chinese construction and engineering corporations are building or contributing in the construction of many dams and water storage tanks in different Nile Basin spring countries, especially Ethiopia. Furthermore, this paper comprised five sections. The first of them dealt with American interventions which included intrusions in the Ethiopian water policy and the American support to Ethiopian projects. Section two tackled he Israelites intrusion which included the Zionist Entity backing of Ethiopia in its planning for Ethiopian irrigation projects. The third section concentrated on the interventions of the World Bank and its positive and negative estimations in Nile Basin. Section four focused on Italian intrusions in supporting Ethiopian enterprises, while the fifth section was allotted to Chinese intrusions in terms of backing projects and dams in Ethiopia.