الهجرة الخارجية واثارها على القيم الاجتماعية والسياسية في محافظة دهوك

Abstract

Immigration is one of the thorniest issues that have attracted political, sociological, historical, and geographical and other’s view which is expected as a social phenomenon existed since ancient times. This can be resulted of the relentless search for optimal living conditions, whether economic, political or psychological and Social migration. It can be said that migration is a social phenomenon which carries with various social transformations, including: demographic structure, social relational network in addition to its obvious effects on changing social values in the Diaspora society. Foreign migration forms a problem such as placing them in competition for available jobs, influence national identity and the issue of accommodating new migrants and their integration within the communities that have been displaced by. Nowadays, international migration has become a vital social and political phenomenon for the region. As it is difficult to underestimate or ignore the importance in recent years due to the internal wars suffered by the Syrian people this had to migrate to neighboring countries including Iraq and the Kurdistan region in addition to the Dohuk province that share a big number of migrants. For themore, the UN refugee agency in Iraq confirmed that Iraq is hosting 250,000 from Syrian refugees which become 97% they were in Kurdistan region. The Dumis camp in Dahuk accommodates the largest number of refugees which is 20,000 because of these large numbers. Dumez camp is located in Dohuk Governorate is the largest such camps which accommodates 20 thousand refugees because such large numbers are a clear impact in characteristics of urban community and they are especially Syrian immigrants come to Dohuk province. There is no doubt that the interaction between society on the one hand and politics on the other hand lead to profound transformations in the province to such an extent that foreign and internal migration represent with each other a central point in the policies of the province and its social interest.The United Nations recommended that the census form in each country or administrative unit include the geographical characteristics of the social, characteristics of immigrants, families, the social characteristics of the population and political, is the current research relied on the number of external migrants within the documented statistics in the Kurdistan region - Iraq, especially Dohuk province, among other governorates, this also indicate the size of migration maps and spatial locations to be able to study the current reality and their social and political impact on the province.The comprehensive sense of migration is that, when people move from origin place to destination place, thus influenced by standard length away from the original place and residence in the place of destination.External or international migration is not a new phenomenon but new is what can be changed in the size, styles, motivation and its effects on social values and their implications for duhok province in a way that makes the political sphere as a result of its effectiveness due to the strengthening of its social status. This requires attention in addressing the implications of this phenomenon in a holistic manner on the social values that played a large role in creating this mobility of population.That the external or international migration is not a new phenomenon, but new is what is happening in a change in size and patterns and motives and effects on social values and effects on the province of Dohuk in a way that makes the political sphere as a result of its effectiveness as a result of strengthening its social status. This requires attention in addressing the implications of this phenomenon in a holistic manner on the Social values that played a main role in creating this population mobility.The effects of foreign migration are the migration of kinship, knowledge, religion, nationality and language, with whom these social ties are connected to facilitate their adaptation in the diaspora environment, leading to an increase in the number of immigrants to Dohuk governorate. Furthermore, some effects resulted due to this large amount of migrants, including the high pressure on state institutions, services, and increase the rate of unemployment rather than the minimum wage set. Therefore, increase the number of unemployment is a social impact coincides with other social effects, such as customs and traditions and values and social norms carried by migrants.