دور عوامل تكوين الأزمات الاقتصاديةفي ضعف النمو السكاني في العراق (447-656هـ / 1055- 1258م)

Abstract

The current research aims at studying the impact of economic crises (economic subsistence) in their two aspects; the natural ones (catastrophes) such as floods, storms, environmental epidemics and others; and the human crises such as political security unrests, military disputes and others, and their impacts in weakening the population growth i.e. decrease in numbers of peoples which is reflected in the economic life through shortage of labor forces in the sectors of agriculture, industry and trade. Iraq witnessed (especially mid and south of Iraq, Euphrates region and Mosul, during Seljoian era (from 447 to 656 H-Vs 1055 to 1258 A.D) and the last decades in the age of Abbassi Rule (from 590 to 656 H Vs 1197 – 1258 A.D) many natural catastrophes and a huge confusion in the political security conditions as a result of weakness' of some Abbassi Califs and the separation of some parts from Iraq politically such as (Mosul Attabikiah). All these were reasons behind decrease in numbers of population and the occurrence of economic (subsistence) crises which were represented in shortages of food, imbalance between offer and demand, expensiveness, shortage and bad crops which were eaten by citizens, occurrence of starvation and death, then the decrease of population numbers is considered as an appearance of economic crises.We, intentionally divided the study into two pivots; the first deals with the natural catastrophes, such as earthquakes, floods, influxes, environmental epidemics, drought and starvation, storms and rains. The we directed to study the second pivots; the human factors such as political security unrests, wars, administrative corruption and immigration to show the roles of these factors in decreasing the population growth in Iraq. The researcher the sequential approach in narrating the historical events and analyzing the historical texts in order to identify the phenomenon of population decrease and its impact on the economic activity of the country.