استخدام تقنية الاستشعار عن بعد في رصد المظاهر الجيومورفولوجية القديمة ضمن المناطق المتصحرة جنوب شرق العراق

Abstract

Southern part of Iraq has a distinct environmental system of diversity of both active and inactive geological and geomorphological features that are relying on many constructive variables and factors. Also, because it has many important archaeological sites as a record of a very important distinguished part of ancient Mesopotamia civilizations . Desertification and drought domination and spreading which considered as two of the most dangerous natural disasters that noticeably increasing in Iraq , especially in southern part in which we can clued to the existence of ancient human colonies and many buried river drainage systems . The current research is aiming to study geomorphological and archeological features in south eastern Iraq, especially in Basrah region using remote sensing and GIS techniques. In order to detect the effects of desertification and drought on Basrah environment , we have used the satellite images acquired from Landsat , 7 ETM+ sensor from the year 2004 for the visible and infrared bands ranging from (12.5-0.45 ) micrometer , and digital elevation models DEM. The above data were analyzed using (ArcGIS v9.3) package , (ArcMap ) software , through composite bands and contour maps. On the basis of the mentioned analysis , we have drawn image maps for the drainage system of the buried rivers .Global Mapper (10V,11V) were used to create relief models for various directions with the studied area . A program (Erdas Imagine 8.4) were applied in spectral and radiometric enhancements for satellites images ,also in preparation photos mosaics, as well as the use of topographic maps of the Basra, Hartha and Modaina regions, scale 1:100000.