Effect of CurcumineExtract (Curcuma Longa) On Cancer Cell Lines inVitro

Abstract

Objectives: This study aims to detect the active compounds found in ethanolic crude extract of Curcuma longarhizome and evaluate the cytotoxic effect of ethanolic extract on two malignant cell lines; Human laryngealCarcinoma (HEP-2) cell line, murine mammary adenocarcinoma (AMN-3) cell line and one transformed cell lineof Rat Emberyogenic Fibroblast (REF-3).Material and methodology:Administrative Arrangement: This study was conducted in Iraqi Centre for Cancer and Medical GeneticResearch (ICCMGR), Baghdad, Iraq to period (1 / 1 / 2011 to 1 / 1 / 2012), periods of exposure of cell linesDifferent concentrations were prepared from ethanolic extract starting from (1 to 10000) μg/ml to weremeasured at (24 , 48 , and 72)hrs in a microtitration plate under complete sterile conditions.Results:Chemical detection of extract appeared that the ethanolic extract contain flavonoid, saponin, phenols ,resins , volatile oils , tannins , terpins and steroids while glycosids, alkaloids and cumarines gave negative resultsappeared the ethanolic extract of curcuma longa showed inhibition effect at 48 hr. period for all concentration oncancer cell lines. And amount the inhibition percentage of (AMN-3) cell line (88.3%) for treatment inconcentration( 6μg/ml) after (24hr). from exposure time, and inhibition percentage begin in lower concentrationon (Hep-2) cancer cell line and gave inhibition percentage (77.1%)after treatment in (2000 μg/ml) after (48hr).from exposure time and appeared the ethanolic extract on REF transformed cell line and gave higher inhibitionpercentage( 93%) after treatment in (100μg/ml) from exposure time.Conclusion: The ethanolic crude extract of Curcuma longa Which contain flavenoid, saponin, phenols, resins,Volatile Oils, tannins, terpins and steroids while alkaloids, glycosids, and cumarines gave negative results, In thein vitro study,Theethanolic crude extract of C. longa has a potent cytotoxic activity against REF transformed cellline, AMN-3 and Hep-2 cell lines in a concentration and time dependent manners (in vitro), The cell lines REFand AMN-3 were the most sensitive to the inhibitory effects of ethanolic extract of C. longa rhizomes,The cellline Hep-2 showed less response at low concentration while the extract had cytotoxic effect at highestconcentration after exposure 48 hr.Recommendations:Using further different cancer cell lines as well as normal cell lines to study the cytotoxicityof Curcuma longa extract such as oral , stomach and colon cell lines. Using the comet test technique to detectthe effects of plants extracts on DNA, use different solvent to extract ofCurcuma longa for example methanol.