أحكام القضاء في ظل الدولة الاسلامية في الاندلس

Abstract

Abstract Muslims conquered Al-Andlus in the year 92AH711 AD and they managed t establish an Islamic state in which all the human races lived together and melted ion the new Andlusian society made up of Muslims, Jews and Christians. The people of Al-Andlus lived under the shade of Islam in a moderate of the political, economic and social status represented in the fair justice. The variance of religious affiliation between the Muslim conquerors and the Christians and Jews helped to provide a dignified life next to their Muslim neighbors in an atmosphere of religious tolerance. The Jews and Christians got a wide freedom of religious freedom and the freedom to apply the justice and their religious rites. That made them feel more aflfiatred to the Andlusian cummunioty as their Jews and Christians have their own laws vis-à-vis the Islamic laws. They had their own Justice and principles of laws. We have mentioned examples of the integrity of the Islamic justices. The Muslim judges were deciding in fairness and toleration and they applied the laws to all from the emirs to the layman/ the judge of the capital was called Qadhi Al-jama'a (the judge of the community). He mostly rules in the mosque. They should possess the features of piety and God-fearing and they judge should enjoy a strong personality so that he could be able to impose his respect on people. He should be knowledgeable of the Book of God Quran and the holy sunna. The jurisprudents had a role in the Andlusian community. Muslim cared for the observation of the marketplace and developing them and the good observation and the quality of food to protect the health of people.