Background and Objectives: to many dental disciplines, especially oral and maxillofacial surgeons to perform dental treatments and oral surgical procedures comfortably. This study was conducted to estimate the degree of mouth opening and its correlation to sex, age, height and weight.Methods: The maximum mean mouth opening of 1262 Kurdish adult was measured using a calibrated ruler, in addition to body height and weight. Student-t test was used to assess the statistical difference between males and females and Pearson correlation coefficient to assess the correlation between mouth opening and both body height and weight.Results: The mean value of mouth opening was 50.56 mm for males and 48.46 mm for females. The greatest mean mouth opening was noted in the age group of 16-24 and decreased gradually with advanced age. A significant positive correlation was noted between mouth opening and both body height and weight.Conclusions: Mouth opening was higher in males than females in all age groups and decreased gradually with advancing age. It was positively correlated with body height and weight.

Mouth opening --- Body height --- Body weight

Background: foreign bodies Inhalation still a common problem in Iraq, occurring in both lay and professional segments of our society. Their successful removal is based on a collected experience of our thoracic surgical teams.
Patients&Methods: A prospective study of two hundred forty eight patients referred to the department of thoracic surgery of the surgical subspecialties hospital of the medical city teaching complex during the year (2007) due to witnessed or suspicion of foreign body inhalation. Patients were grouped into group 1 with definite history of foreign body inhalation and group 2 with no such history.
Results: In group 1, out of 203(81.85%) patients, about 169(83.25%) patients were proved to have foreign body inhalation by rigid bronchoscopy, while in group 2,foreign body inhalation were proved in 14(31.11%) patients out of 45(18.14%) patients. The commonest age group of foreign body Inhalation was 6 months - two years (63.93%), and males to female ratio was 1.8:1. The highest peaks were encounter in July and August. The results of chest X-ray were normal in (53.55%) of cases and the most common radiological abnormality was pneumonic consolidation which was seen in (15.84%) of cases. Organic foreign bodies were representing (86.3%), the commonest organic foreign body was watermelon seed (48.65%), and the common site of foreign body lodgment was the right main bronchus.
Conclusion: The mere suspicion of a foreign body Inhalation is a justification for bronchoscopy. A negative bronchoscopy is better than to leave it inside with its serious sequels.

Foreign body --- FB --- Bronchoscopy

Summary Background: The removal of an impacted foreign body in the esophagus is still a common practice in the Thoracic Department of the Medical City Hospital .The objective of this study is to cast a light on this rather a common phenomenon in our country , its risks and its management.Patients and Methods: This is a retrospective study of 120 patients with foreign bodies in the esophagus managed successfully in our department during five years period 1998 – 2002 inclusive .The study included 65 males and 55 females . Their ages range between I year and 75 years. The most common age group was less than 10 years , which constitutes about 30% of our patients .Varieties of foreign bodies were encountered ,their ways of presentation , clinical findings and radiological appearances will be prescribe .Results: Successful removal of the foreign bodies was done in most of the cases .In 4patients esophageal dilatation was done for an area of stricture on which the foreign body was impacted. Surgery was necessary in two patients for the removal of foreign bodies which were impossible to be removed endoscopically .Conclusion: Rigid esophagoscopy under general anesthesia is the procedure of choice for foreign body removal and nearly all the cases could be considered preventable.Key words: Foreign body (FB), Esophagoscopy

Foreign body --- FB --- Esophagoscopy

The toxic influence of dietary copper(Cu) and cobalt (Co) on the accumulation and body weight examined in broiler chicken. This experiment was conducted to investigate the toxic effects of dietary Cu and Co on chicks body weight and organ, content of the tissues of these two metals was also detected. One day age chicks of Gallus gallus domesticus fed diet supplemented with 500, 1000,1500ppm of Cu, second group exposure to 100,500, 1000ppm of Co in feed daily during 4 weeks. The control groups were fed without supplementation of metals. The concentrations of Cu and Co resulted in increased of Cu and Co content in liver, gizzard and muscle. Body weight of chicks was decreased by Cu and Co high concentration treatments. On the other hand, Liver weigh in chicks was significantly (P<0.05) decreased after Cu and Co treatments.

Toxicity --- Chicken --- Body weight

Addresses've marked (the impact of language on the human body) a very important issue related to the human body, and is marred by physiological changes as a result influenced by the language through the study of this relationship theoretically analyzed for some of vocabulary, triggered physiological on the human body, and the statement of the language with some variables relationship, and thus the axis interest in the study have been focused on the role of culture in general, considering that the most important elements is the language, has been focusing on language, thinking, and how they can be by which these variables influencing factors on the human body on the grounds that these variables on a large degree of important not without a culture of any society which, whatever the nature. It also sheds light on the issue we see that he has not received enough attention and scientific study organized by social anthropologists and researchers in the field of humanities

يتناول هذا البحث الموسوم (اثر اللغة في جسم الانسان) قضية مهمة جدا تتعلق بجسم الانسان وما يعتريه من تغيرات فسيولوجية نتيجة تأثره باللغة من خلال دراسة هذه العلاقة نظرياً، من خلال تحليله لبعض المفردات اللغوية واثارها الفسيولوجية على جسم الانسان، وبيان علاقة اللغة ببعض المتغيرات، وبذلك فأن محور اهتمام الدراسة قد انصب على الأثر الذي تؤديه الثقافة بصورة عامة، بوصف اللغة احد اهم عنصر فيها، وقد تم التركيز على اللغة، والتفكير، والكيفية التي يمكن ان تكون بواسطتها هذه المتغيرات عوامل مؤثرة على جسم الانسان على اعتبار ان هذه المتغيرات على درجة كبيرة من الاهمية، ولا تخلو منها ثقافة أي مجتمع منها مهما كانت طبيعته. كما انها سـلطت الضوء على موضوع نرى انه لم يحظ بالاهتمام الكافي والدراسة العلمية المنظمة من جانـب الباحثين الاجتماعيين والانثروبولوجيين في مجال الدراسات الإنسانية.

Language --- human body --- anthropology --- body --- اللغة ، جسم الانسان ، انثروبولوجيا ، الجسد