Background and objectives: to study the diagnostic accuracy of Computed Tomography in evaluation of various etiologies of hemoptysis with normal chest radiographs.Methods: Two hundred patients with hemoptysis and normal chest radiograph were evaluated with computed tomography from the period of December 2008 to October 2009. The patients were categorized according to the primary etiology and severity of hemoptysis.Results: of the 200 patients with hemoptysis included in this study, 121 males and79 females. Majority of patients had mild hemoptysis and pulmonary tuberculosis was the leading cause of hemoptysis( 73.3% .). CT showed diagnostic accuracy of 75%.Conclusion: computed chest tomography plays an important role in assessing patients with hemoptysis.

CT --- hemoptysis

Background: Neuroimaging has an important application in the diagnosis and treatment of patients with seizures and epilepsy.Aims: To determine the diagnostic yield of CT scan in children with Epilepsy and recurrent seizures.Patients and Methods: A total of 100 patients with epilepsy referred for CT scan of the brain in Al-Yarmouk general hospital in Baghdad from November 2008 to January 2010, with an age of patients in between 2 days to 15 years. (M 68: F32).Results: Fifty one (51%) had abnormal neuro imaging of which 13 (13%) were found to have possible treatable causes and lesions requiring intervention.A high yield of positive scans distained in children with the presence of abnormal neurological examination focal EEG abnormalities and a history of neonatal seizures.Conclusions: Computed tomography is the standard clinical practice for a child with recurrent seizures, especially with the presence of abnormal neurologic examination and focal EEG changes.

Epilepsy --- CT scans --- children

Early diagnosis of unerupted supernumerary teeth is veryimportant. Detailed examinations and evaluations of these teethwith Three-Dimensional (3D) images are very beneficial in termsof treatment planning and avoiding complications, which mayoccur. 3D imaging in Dentistry offers many advantages withrespect to diagnosis and treatment planning. The applications ofsoftware-3DCT images for detailed evaluation of impactedsupernumerary teeth: location, number, morphology and positionalarea, to avoid their possibility complications by early choosing theproper surgical treatment. A descriptive study including 98unerupted supernumerary teeth from 75 healthy patients between10 and 43 years of age. Reasons for patients attendance included :malocclusion ,lack of eruption of permanent teeth ,prominence ofgingival ,diastama, ,cystic lesion, caries and pain in differentregions of dental arches, taking into account the variables ofpersonal data, gender, age, location, morphology, number andpositional area, related complications,3DCT scans study andcorrelated with surgical approaches and treatment. Incidence inimpacted supernumerary teeth is higher among male patients (ratioM: F of 1.8:1) .They are most frequently located in the maxilla(64.28%) mainly in the premaxilla within the central incisors –mesiodens (40.82 %) were detected by 3DCTscans ,most of themclassified under Type III ( 72.5%). Most cases present only singleunerupted supernumerary teeth (77.33%). The conical shape isthe commonest morphology (34.69%).The diastema registered thegreatest proportion (40.81%) of complications cases .Surgicalremoval of these teeth was done by labial or buccal approaches in(45.91%) of cases. 3DCT radiographies achieved to diagnosisand determine the exact situations, identified morphology,determined number presented and determined the position types ofwhole impacted supernumerary teeth that they were provedsurgically to be in the same locations, similar shapes, right numberand correct anatomical positions. With less invasive surgicalinterventions and less operation time. Early treatment planning ofthe impacted supernumerary teeth, the exact diagnosis ofanatomical location, shape, number, position of mentioned teeth isan important issue to avoid their complication in the future.

3d CT --- sapemumerary --- impaction.

Background:The intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) can be classified as traumatic and spontaneous. The frontal and temporal lobes are classic sites for traumatic ICH, which are less commonly affected by spontaneous episodes. Computed tomography (CT) scanning is the most accurate radiological method for demonstrating the acute lesion of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Both types are of high density, but traumatic bleeding is more frequently multifocal, in this study we are dealing with traumatic type of intracerebralhematoma. Aim of the study is to identify the accuracy and performance of CT scan in diagnosis and evaluation of intracerebralhemorrhage.
Patients and methods: 60 patients were examined, their agesrange from 30-70 years with means age 48 years old, they were 36males (60%), and 24females (40%).
Results: Our study reveals, the male patients (36 patients) were more affected than femalepatients (24 patients). Most affected age group in our study was 60-70 years old, 18 patients (30%) with no gender difference. Acute ICH was more than other ICH types, patients with acute ICH were 24 patients (40%) 15 male patients and 9 female patients, patients with subacute ICH were 20 patients (33%) and patients with chronic ICH were 16 patients (27%). In our study, the RTA was the most causative mechanism of ICH, 27 patients with RTA were seen in our study (45%), followed by shell injury which were 24 patients (40%) and then the fall from hight (FFH)which were 9 patients (15%). The most common CT feature noted in our study is the brain edema and it is seen in 27 patients (45%). Basal ganglia were most affected brain region (45%) of cases.
Conclusion:CT is available,rapid imaging modality in the diagnosis of ICH, so it is suitable for diagnosis and evaluation of ICH as emergency cases in casualty department and it is valuable in evaluation of traumatic I.C.H. especially in acute stages.

Traumatic intracerebral hemorrhage --- CT performance

Background: Cerebral palsy is non- progressive disorder of posture or movement due to a lesion of the developing brain. It is the commonest physical disability in childhood.Objective: To study the clinical, neurological abnormalities, prevalence of convulsion (epilepsy) & to asses the value of CT scans of brain in patients with cerebral palsy.Patients& Methods: It is a cross-sectional hospital based study, carried at Al-Kindy Teaching hospital out-patient pediatrics unites for the period from first of January through June 2005.A total of 91 cases (52 boys, 39 girls) with over all mean age 25.6-month range (1 month-84 month) were collected. Data were collected from their parents about age, sex, main clinical presentation, and prenatal, perinatal, postnatal history, history of convulsion. They all had clinical examination.All patients were sent to radiology department at same hospital for CT scan of brain.Results: The study revealed that boys affected more than girls (52 boys, 39 girls) with male to female ratio 1.33:1,thecommonest age group affected between 7 month-12 month (30.8%), followed by the age group between 13-24 month (20.9%). delayed milestone with hypertonia & convulsion was the commonest clinical presentation, each represent (48.3%) followed by delayed milestone with hypotonia (34.0 %), microcephaly (29.6%) & speech delay (27.4%). The commonest type of cerebral palsy was spastic form (53. 9%), followed by hypotonic form (34.0%). Convulsion was predominant in quadriplegic cerebral palsy (50%). cortical brain atrophy was commonest CT scan finding (41.7%), followed by sub cortical brain atrophy (28.6%). Cortical brain atrophy was predominant in quadriplegic cerebral palsy (27.5%).CT scan was normal in (19.8%), predominantly in hypotonic cerebral palsy (13.2%).Conclusion: The pattern of clinical presentation & prevalence of convulsion in patients with cerebral palsy in the present study are comparable to the result from studies in other clinical settings with slight variation. CT scan of brain is highly valuable in patients with cerebral palsy.Key Words: Cerebral palsy, Convulsion, CT scan

خلفية الدراسة :- شلل الدماغ هو عوق حركي وموضعي ثابت سببه خلل في تركيب الدماغ النامي . وهو من أكثر الأمراض التي تسبب عوقاً حركياً وعقلياً عند الأطفال .هدف الدراسة :- هو دراسة الخصائص السريرية والعصبية الغير الطبيعية ومدى مصاحبتها بنوبات الصرع .ولتقييم مدى أهمية مفراس الدماغ في تشخيص المرض .طريقة الدراسة :- شملت الدراسة مرضى شلل الدماغ المراجعين للعيادة الاستشارية لطب الأطفال في مستشفى الكندي التعليمي للفترة من الأول من كانون الثاني ولغاية نهاية شهر حزيران عام 2005 . لقد تم جمع 91مصاباً بالمرض (52 ولد ، 39 بنت )، معدل عمرهم 25,6 شهر ويتراوح بين (1 شهر– 48 شهر ) جمعت معلومات من الأبوين حول العمر ،الجنس ، العلامات السريرية ،معلومات ما قبل الولادة (فترة الحمل)، فترة الولادة , فترة ما بعد الولادة ، معلومات عن الصرع او الاختلاجات .تم فحص المرضى سريرياً وأرسل جميع المرضى إلى شعبة الأشعة في المستشفى لإجراء فحص مفراس الدماغ .النتائج : بينت الدراسة ان الأولاد مصابون بالمرض اكثر من البنات (52 ولد ،39 بنت) ونسبة اصابة الولد إلى البنت هي 1,3 :1 . أكثر الأعمار المصابة بالمرض كانت بين عمر 7-12 شهراً وبنسبة (8 و30 % ) ويليه العمر بين 13-24 شهر بنسبة (20,9 % ) . تأخر التطور الحركي مع تشنج الأطراف ،والصرع كانت أكثر العلامات السريرية شيوعاً وتمثل كل واحدة منها نسبة (48,3 % ) يليه تأخر التطور الحركي مع رخاوة الأطراف بنسبة (34%) ، صغر حجم الرأس بنسبة (29,6 % ) وتأخر النطق بنسبة(27,4%).أكثر أنواع شلل الدماغ كان النوع التشنجي وبنسبة (53,9 % ) يليه شلل الدماغ الرخوي وبنسبة (34%) . الصرع كان أكثر شيوعاً عند المرضى المصابين بتشنج الإطراف وبنسبة (50%) . إن نتائج فحص مفراس الدماغ بينت أن ضمور الدماغ القشري هو أكثر الأنواع شيوعاً وبنسبة (41,7 % ) . يليه ضمور الدماغ تحت القشري وبنسبة ( 28,6 %) . إن معظم حالات ضمور الدماغ القشري كانت عند المرضى المصابين بتشنج الأطراف الرباعي وبنسبة( 27,5%) .كان مفراس الدماغ سالباً بنسبة( 19,8% ) . ومعظم الحالات السالبة كانت عند المرضى المصابين بشلل الدماغ الرخوي وبنسبة (13,2%) .الاستنتاجات:- الصفات السريرية والعصبية لمرضى شلل الدماغ في هذه الدراسة مشابهة لبحوث سريرية في أماكن مختلفة في العالم مع اختلافات بسيطة وان لمفراس الدماغ قيمة عليا في تشخيص المرض .

Cerebral palsy --- Convulsion --- CT scan