Background: Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) is the most commonly used material in denture fabrication. Thematerial is far from ideal in fulfilling the mechanical requirement. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectof addition of 3% wt of treated (silanized) Titanium oxide Nano filler on some physical and mechanical properties ofheat cured acrylic denture base material.Materials and methods: 100 specimens were constructed, 50 specimens were prepared from heat cure PMMAwithout additives (control) and 50 specimens were prepared from heat cure PMMA with the addition of TiO2 Nanofillers. Each group was divided into 5 sub groups according to the test performed which was mixed by probe ultrasonicationmachine.Results: A highly significant increase in impact strength and transverse strength was observed with the addition of(TiO2) Nano particles to (PMMA). A significant increase in surface hardness and in surface roughness. The watersorption and solubility were significantly decreased when compared with the control group.Conclusions: The addition of TiO2 Nano particles to heat cure acrylic resin improve the impact strength, transversestrength and surface hardness of heat cure acrylic resin at the same time this addition decrease water sorption andsolubility. On the other hand there was an increase in surface roughness with the addition of 3% wt of silanized TiO2Nano particles

NanoTiO2 --- TMSPM --- PMMA

Silver Poly (methyl methacrylate) PMMA nanocomposite thin films deposited on glass substrates by in-situ aerosol assisted plasma polymerization at atmospheric pressure and room temperature, from methyl methacrylate monomer in the presence of different concentrations of Ag nanoparticles (3%, 5%, 7%, and 9wt%). The average particles size for the silver nanoparticles was within 50nm. Metal polymer nanocomposite thin films were characterized by UV-VIS, XRD, and SEM the optical studies show that the energy band gap will be different according to the silver PMMA concentration. The XRD pattern indicates that the pure PMMA is amorphous where The XRD pattern of Ag nanoparticles in PMMA, all the refractions corresponded to the pure silver metal with cubic symmetry. SEM and the XRD reveal the presence of silver nanoparticle embedded into PMMA. It can be concluded that it can be prepared Ag PMMA nanocomposite thin films by aerosol assisted dielectric barrier discharge DBD plasma jet polymerization and control the optical energy band gap irregulars by controlling the experiment variables.

تم ترسيب اغشية رقيقة نانوية لمتراكبات PMMA/Ag على قواعد من الزجاج وذلك بانجاز البلمرة موضعيا بالبلازما المعززة بالرذاذ وبدرجة حرارة الغرفة وعند الضغط الجوي ,من مونيمر MMA وبوجود تراكيز مختلفة من جسيمات الفضة النانوية (3%, 5%, 7%, and 9wt%)..معد قطر الجسيمات النانوية للفضة هي nm50 .الاغشية الرقيقة النانوية لمتراكبات معدن بوليمر شخصت بال UV-VIS, XRD و SEM,دراسة الخواص البصرية بينت ان فجوة الطاقة البصرية تتغير مع تغير تركيز الفضة في PMMA. حيود الشعة السينية بين ان PMMA ذو تركيب بنائي عشوائي بينما نمط حيود الاشعة السينية للفضة في PMMA كانت ناتجة عن فضة نقية ذات تركيب بلوري مكعب .فحوصات المجهر الالكتروني والاشعة السينية بينت ان جسيمات الفضة النانوية مزروعة بصورة متجانسة داخل ال PMMA.من هذا نستنتج امكانيت تحضير اغشية رقيقة لمتراكبات PMMA/Ag بالبلمرة الموضعية بالبلازما نفث الملولدة بالتفريغ الكهربائي عبر حاجز عازل DBD والتحكم بفجوة الطاقة البصرية بشكل منتضم وذلك بالتحكم بمتغيرات التجربة.

PMMA --- nanocomposite --- plasma jet

This work describes the weathering effects (UV-Irradiation, and Rain) on the thermal conductivity of PS, PMMA, PS/PMMA blend for packaging application. The samples were prepared by cast method at different ratios (10, 30, 50, 70, and 90 %wt). It was seen that the thermal conductivity of PMMA (0.145 W/m.K), and for PS(0.095 W/m.K), which increases by PS ratio increase up to 50% PS/PMMA blend then decreased that was attributed to increase in miscibility of the blend involved. By UV-weathering, it was seen that thermal conductivity for PMMA increased with UV-weathering up to (30hr) then decreased, that was attributed to rigidity and defect formation, respectively. For 30%PS/PMMA, there results showed unsystematic decrease in thermal conductivity, which was attributed to unsystematic degradation. By Rain-weathering, thermal conductivity PS, PMMA, and 30 %PS, PMMA, it was seen systematic decreased in PS and 30 % PS/PMMA thermal conductivity; and systematic decrease in PMMA thermal conductivity. That due to the water diffusion in the samples that created some voids, bubbles, and results in decrease in thermal conductivity. This result was attributed to the decrease in adhesive between the components of polymer systems. The results suggested that the samples involved could be used for packaging application.

يصف هذا العمل تأثيرات التجوية (الأشعة فوق البنفسجية - الإشعاع) على الموصلية الحرارية لمزيجPS ، PMMA ، PS / PMMA لتطبيق التغليف. تم تحضير العينات من خلال طريقة الصب في نسب مختلفه (10، 30، 50، 70، 90) شوهدت أن الموصلية الحرارية لمادةPMMA (0.145 W/m.K) ، و PS(0.095) W/m.K ، ازدادت بزياده نسبة PS الى 50 ٪ PS / PMMA ثم انخفضت. والذي يعزى إلى زيادة في اختلاط مزيج المعنية. عن طريق التجوية فوق البنفسجية، لوحظ أن الموصلية الحرارية لمادة PMMA زادت مع التجوية فوق البنفسجية لمدة تصل إلى (30 ساعة) ثم انخفضت، ويعزى ذلك إلى الصلابة وتشكيل الخلل على التوالي بالنسبة الى 30٪PS / PMMA ، أظهرت النتائج انخفاضًا غير منتظم في الموصلية الحرارية، الذي يعزى تدهور غير منهجي. بواسطة المطر التجوية، الموصلية الحراريةPS ، PMMA ، و 30 ٪PS ، PMMA ، فقد شوهد انخفاض منتظم في PS و 30 ٪ PS / PMMA الموصلية الحرارية؛ وانخفاض منتظم في التوصيل الحراري PMMA وذلك بسبب انتشار الماء في العينات التي خلقت بعض الفراغات والفقاعات، ويؤدي إلى انخفاض في التوصيل الحراري. وعزت هذه النتيجة إلى انخفاض في لاصق بين مكونات أنظمة البوليمر. تشير النتائج إلى أن العينات المعنية يمكن استخدامها لتطبيق التغليف.

PS --- PMMA --- PS/PMMA blend --- UV-weathering --- rain-weathering.

Background: Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) is used in denture fabrication and considered as the most reliablematerial for the construction of removable prosthodontic appliances. The material is far from ideal in fulfilling themechanical requirements and the effect of autoclave processing has not been fully determined. The purpose of thisstudy was to evaluate the effect of addition of salinized (ZrO2) Nano fillers in percentages 3%, 5% and 7% by weighton some properties of heat cured acrylic processed the by autoclave and compare it with 0% (control) group .Materials and methods: The silanized(ZrO2) Nano-particles was added to PMMA powder by weight in three differentpercentages 3%, 5% and 7%, mixed by probe ultra-sonication machine.Two hundred specimens were constructedand processed by autoclave and divided into 5 groups according to the test (each group consist of 40 specimens )and each group was subdivided into 4 sub-groups according to the percentage of added (ZrO2) nano-particles(with 10 specimens for each subgroups) . The tests conducted were transverse strength, hardness (shore D), Impactstrength test, surface morphology and apparent porosity. AFM can provide 3D image of the specimen thehomogeneity of nanostructure film, roughness of surface and crystallite size. Scanning electron microscope SEM ofcontrol and salinized Nano ZrO2 reveal the Nano fillers distribution and it is shaped.Results: Highly significant increase in impact strength recorded when acrylic (vertex) mixed with 3%, 5% ZrO2 nanofiller, while a non-significant reduction was observed with 7% ZrO2 addition in comparison to control. Non-significantimprovement in transverse strength when 3% ZrO2 was added, 5% nano addition ZrO2 improved transverse strengthsignificantly while 7% nano addition showed anon significant reduce when these groups compared to the controlgroup .Anon significant reduction in the deformity was seen within 3% nano addition ZrO2 also 5% nano ZrO2 additionreduce the deformity significantly and significant increase was recorded when 7% nano addition ZrO2 was add andwhen these groups are compared to the control group. A significant increase in surface hardness was observed withthe addition of (ZrO2) nano-particles to (PMMA) at the percentage of 3%, highly significant increase at 5% and 7%with addition of modified nano-ZrO2. A non-significant decrease in apparent porosity at 3% and highly significantdecrease in apparent porosity at 5% and 7% with addition of modified nano-ZrO2 were observed. SEM results showeda good distribution of the modified nano-ZrO2 fillers at 3%, 5% and showed aggregation at 7% in the polymer matrix.Conclusion: The addition of modified nano-ZrO2 particles to acrylic resin cured by autoclave improved impact andtransverse strength of denture base nano composite containing 5% of nano-ZrO2. And this strength decreases withfurther increase of nano-ZrO2 filler content. Also addition of modified nano-ZrO2 slightly increaseshardness, thesurfaceroughness and the apparent porosity also decrease by addition of nano ZrO2 percentage increase

Salinized --- ZrO2 nano fillers --- PMMA

Optical fibers were produced by the system manufactured for this purpose and then, PMMA core of polymer optical fiber (POF) and PMMA doped Rhodamine B (RhB) claddings were studied and determine their UV–vis absorption and emission. The study adopted the mechanism of lateral pumping of the product polymer optical fiber by using laser with 404 nm excitation to study optical specifications of the factory fiber. It was noted that there were blue shift in maximum peak wavelength in absorption and fluorescence from the doped polymer before use it as clad. The obtained results by using the doping polymer with (RhB) for clad the amplified spontaneous emission ASE seems in fluorescence study. The side excitation shows that there were no an overlap between the excitation laser source and the RhB molecule fluorescence. The results indicate that POF can be a strong candidate for the development of optical fiber sensors.

تم انتاج الالياف البصرية بواسطة المنظومة المصنعة لهذا الغرض, تمت دراسة طيف الانبعاث و الامتصاص للألياف البصرية البوليمرية في مدى uv-vis قبل و بعد اكسائها بصبغة الرودامين B. و تناولت الدراسة ميكانيكية الضخ البصري الجانبي لتهيج الالياف البصرية المنتجة باستخدام ليزر 404 نانومتر لدراسة مواصفات البصرية للالياف المصنعة. لوحظ ان قمة الامتصاص عانت ازاحة باتجاه الازرق في كل من طيف الفلوة و الامتصاص قبل استخدامه ككساء. تضخيم الابنبعاث التلقائي من النتائج المستحصله عند استخدام كساء صبغة الرودامين , و الذي ظهر في دراسة طيف الفلورة. وضح التهيج الجانبي عدم حصول تراكب بين ليزر المصدر و فلورة جزيئات الرودامين . وتشير النتائج إلى كون POF هو مرشح قوي في تطوير أجهزة الاستشعار التي تعمل بالألياف البصرية.

Optical fiber --- PMMA --- POFs --- RhB