Background and objectives: Surgical treatment has been a traditional way of treatment of incomplete abortion. Expectant management and medical treatment can reduce costs and complications generated by surgery. Current study was designed to determine the success rate of treatment of incomplete abortion by mesoprostol thus avoiding surgical intervention. Moreover, factors which can impair efficacy of the treatment were investigated.Method: The sample size included 100 patients with first trimester incomplete abortion attending Maternity Teaching Hospital in Erbil city/ Kurdistan Region / North of Iraq between October, 1st 2009 and March, 1st 2010 being assigned to receive 400 µg mesoprostol orally. A week later the patients were specifically examined to verify that complete abortion had been occurred. A second dose was administered if complete abortion was not yet achieved, provided that the patient was hemo-dynamically stable and notably no substantial bleeding or infection been noticed.Results: The success rate of the treatment was 62% and 93% after first and second dose respectively. The difference in response to the treatment was related to the difference in endometrial thickness and gestational age. No any serious complication was reported.Conclusion: Mesoprostol administered orally is an effective method in treating first trimester incomplete abortion.

Incomplete abortion --- mesoprostol --- spontaneous abortion

Background: Mild impairment of thyroid function may contribute to disturbed reproductive function.
Objective: To evaluate the role of thyroid hormones in maintaining early pregnancy and their association with the outcome of the threatened abortion.
Materials and methods: The study was carried out in Maternity and pediatric Teaching Hospital in Al-Najaf during period between 1st April to 1st September 2008. The study included 80 pregnant women divided into two groups 50 women with threatened abortion and 30 women with normal pregnancy of comparable age, parity, gestational age and body mass index (BMI). Both groups were subjected to clinical examination, obstetric ultrasound examination and were investigated for hemoglobin, total thyroxine (TT4), total tri-iodothyronine (TT3) and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH). The group of threatened abortion women divided into two groups where 31 women had a positive outcome (continuation of pregnancy to the third trimester) and 19 women had a negative outcome (pregnancy ended with spontaneous abortion).
Results: There was a significant difference in the level of TT3 and TSH between the control group and the women with threatened abortion (lower TT3 and higher TSH in threatened abortion women) with no significant difference in TT4 between the two groups while TT3and TT4 levels were significantly reduced in the women with negative outcome as compared with the women with a positive outcome while the TSH level was significantly increased in the women with negative outcome. Conclusion: reduced levels of thyroid hormones in early pregnancy may contribute to some cases of spontaneous abortion.
Key words: thyroid hormones, pregnancy, abortion.

thyroid hormones --- pregnancy --- abortion.

Background: Anticardiolipin antibodies (ACL) are heterogenous group of autoantibodies directed against negatively charged phospholipid and phospholipid binding proteins. They gained much attention due to their association with pregnancy failure, particularly recurrent fetal loss.Objectives:To investigate the relevance of positive ACL antibodies with recurrent abortion among women in Diyala province and to explore the effect of certain co-factors.Materials and methods:The study groups include, 45 pregnant women with previous history of recurrent abortion (mean age 29.3 ± 6.7) years; 60 pregnant women without previous abortion (mean age 28 ± 6.1) years; 50 non-pregnant women with history of recurrent abortion (mean age 29.7 ± 6) years and 60 non-pregnant women without history of previous abortion (mean age 31.5 ± 7.2) years. Required information were collected by personal interview. Detection of ACL-IgM and ACL-IgG were done using ELISA technique.Results:The results showed that the seropositivity of ACL-IgM among pregnant women with recurrent abortion and without abortion was 30% and 3.3% respectively. While the seropositivity of ACL-IgM among non-pregnant women with previous abortion and those without abortion was 20% and 0% respectively. The ACL-IgG among non-pregnant women without previous abortion and those with previous abortion was 0% and 35% respectively.Conclusion:Anticardiolipin antibodies may play as a cause of recurrent spontaneous abortion among women in Diyala province.

anticardiolipin --- Autoantibodies --- spontaneous abortion.

The object of this study was to investigate the effect of xylazine administration at dose of (0.05 mg/kg BW) intravenously in late pregnancy of buffaloes and cattle. Under xylazine as sedation and analgesia, accompanied with local anesthesia, rumenatomy were implemented on three hundred seventy two buffaloes and sixty four cattle. Eighty two and thirty five of these buffaloes and cattle were in late pregnancy respectively. The results of this study revealed that xylazine did not effect the buffaloes in late stage of pregnancy, but it cause abortion in late pregnancy in cattle at a percentage of 3.65%. Also there was individual variation of response to xylazine in both buffaloes and cattle. The latter appeared to be more sensitive to xylazine than buffaloes

ان اهداف هذة الدراسة هو معرفة تأثير حقن الزايلازين بالوريد وبجرعة(0,05ملغم/كغم ) من وزن الجسم في المرحلة الاخيرة من الحمل للجاموس والابقار.حيث تم تحت تأثير الزايلازين كمسكن ومسدر وبمساعده المخدر الموضعي,اجراء عمليه فتح الكرش 372 من الجاموس و64 من الابقار,وكانت 82و35 من الجاموس والابقار على التوالي في المراحل الاخيرةمن الحمل. بينت نتائج الدراسة ان الزايلازين لم يحدث تاثير على الحمل في الجاموس ولكن سجلت حالتين للأجهاض وبنسبه3,65% في الابقار.وكذلك فأن هنالك اختلافات واضحه للاستجابة للزايلازين في كلا من الجاموس والابقار و تبين بأن الاخيرة اكثر حساسيه للزايلازين من الجاموس

Intravenous --- Abortion --- Xylazine

ABSTRACT:BACKGROUND:Medical abortion becomes the 1st choice for early 1st and 2nd trimester termination of pregnancy in many countries although dilatation and evacuation is commonly used in USA ,Medical abortion has been more patchy in its introduction in England and Walse and there continuous to be significant variation in its provision across health authorities .Medical method are often favored because they appear more physiological ,like a miscarriage and avoid the need for uterine instrumentation and also share the advantages of low rate of complication and failure.OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the effect of different media ( acetic acid , normal saline or dry)on the efficacy of intravaginal misoprostol used for induction of first and second trimester abortion.PATIENTS AND METHOD:During the 12 months of the study period, 90 pregnant women seeking termination of early pregnancy loss up to 24 weeks, as an indication for induction of abortion, their mean age were 27.7±5.5 years, and mean weight 72.3±3.9 kg.The first 30 pregnant patients received intravaginal 400μg misoprostol moistened with 2 ml of 5% acetic acid for 4hours interval up to 5 doses for 24 hours ,if the participant failed to achieve abortion the same regimen repeat for the next 24 hours, including 8 primiparous and 22 multiparous. Next 30 patients received intravaginal 400μg misoprostol moistened in 2ml of normal saline for 4 hours interval up to 5 doses for 24 hours ,if abortion failed then the trial repeated once again , including 15 primiparous and 15 multiparous. The last 30 patients received dry intravaginal 400μg misoprostol , 4hours intervals up to 5 doses for 24 hours. if abortion failed the same regimen repeat for the next 24 hours, including 10 primiparous and 20 multiparous.RESULT:All patients aborted within 48 hour. Significantly shorter induction –abortion interval for the moistened misoprostol tablet in acetic acid ( mean 8.3 ±2.2 hours), P value (0.000) ,than induction- abortion interval for moistened misoprostol tablet in normal saline (mean 19.5±7.7 hours) , and dry misoprostol tablet (mean23.1± 8.8hours) .The number of doses required to achieve response for moistened misoprostol in acetic acid was significantly less(mean 1.5±0.5), P value (0.000),than that required for moistened misoprostol in normal saline( mean 3.1±0.8),and for the dry misoprostol tablet (mean 3.7±0.8). The side effects being of no statistical significant.CONCLUSION:Acidic medium enhance the effect of misoprostol administered for induction of abortion. Moistening intra vaginal misoprostol may affect the pharmacokinetics of the drug to achieve a constant plasma profile.

abortion --- misopristol --- vaginal ph