Ten adult rabbit (5male and 5 female ) were used for gross anatomical and biometrical studies .The main characteristics feature of the local rabbit skulls are : in dorsal surface there are a shallow external sagittle crest , the frontal bone has anterior and posterior supraorbital process , the external acoustic meatus is a short wide bony tube directed caudodorsally , the orbita are large , the external surface of the maxilla is pitted by numerous small opening (fenestrated).A total of 16 linear measurement estimated in the rabbit skulls .There are significant difference between males and females observed in bizygomatic distance , basion-bragma height , maxilla- alveolar length , orbital height and foramen magnum breadth

Rabbit --- Skull --- Orbital

In this study, the histopathological changes due to overdose usage of Tussirumdrug(0.75 and 3 ml/Kg)in liver and kidney were assessed in rabbite with lightmicroscopes. Six male rabbites(1 ± 0.5 Kg ) were included and divided into threegroups.Normal saline (3ml/Kg) wasgiven orally as placebo in the control groupI (N= 2).Group II and III(N= 4 for each) was received Tussirum orallyat a single dose of (0.75 and3ml/kg/day) for 30 days respectively. the results were recorded that both doses ofTossirum were induced that blood vessel congestion, aggregation of Kuppfercells,inflamintion infiltrations and Sinusoidal dilatation in the liver parenchyma inaddition to the cytoplasmic vacuolation, degeneration, pyknotic nuclei in the hepatocytesand. On the other hand, renal damage was observed in the kidneys of treated rabbits,necrosis of glomular, degeneration of nucli and degeneration in the lining epithelial cellsof renal, also noted that glomular shrinkage, dilated of reanal tubules and hyperplasia oftubles walls,as well as to necrosis of renal tubules endothelium, closing of renal tubuleslumen, isulation of renal tubules endothelium and density in some nucli chromaticFinally, the investigators concluded that Tossirum toxicity induced hepatocellular andrenal damage

Tossirum --- Liver --- Male Rabbit

In order to study the pathogenesis of the Pasteurella multocida in its natural rout of infection, this study was done to investigate and compare its pathogenesis after intranasal and intraocular infection.Thirty (30) rabbits were divided into three groups, the 1st group (n=12) infected with 240 CFU of Pasteurella multocida intra-nasal, the 2nd (n=12) infected with 240 CFU of P. multocida intra-ocular (eye drop), and the 3rd group (n=6) served as control negative. The animals were sacrificed if they did not die naturally at 24-48hr, 3, 6, 9, 30 day post-infection (p.i.). The results showed dullness of the animals with nasal and ocular discharge and some animals dead at 48hr and 72 hr p.i. (two animals from the 1st group and four animals from the 2nd group). The gross examination of the dead and sacrificed animals showed hemorrhage in the upper respiratory tract with fibrinous pleuropericaditis and emphysematous lung in the 1st group, while the 2nd group showed eye opacity and in some animal’s eye swelling in addition to the feature noticed in the 1st group. Pasteurella multocida was isolated from the organs of all the infected animals.The histopathological changes in the 1st group were more intense than the 2nd group and concenterated at the upper and lower respiratory tract as acute hemorrhagic treacheatis with fibrinous pneumonia , while the kidney showed hypercellularity of the glomeruli with cellular degeneration of renal tubule and lymphocytic hepatitis, also there is focal gliosis. Conclusion, intranasal infection was the effective route and the main pathological changes observed in the respiratory system characterized by fibrinous pleuropneumonia

اعدت هذه الدراسة لغرض معرفة امراضية جرثومة الباستوريلا مالتوسيدا في الاصابة الطبيعية والمقارنة بين الأصابة التجريبية عن طريق التنفس و عن طريق العين باعتبارها الطرق الطبيعية للاصابة.قسمت ثلاثون (30) ارنبا الى ثلاث مجاميع, المجموعة الاولى (12) ارنبا اصيبت عن طريق التنفس ب (240) CFU من جراثيم الباستوريلا مالتوسيدا, المجموعة الثانية (12) ارنبا اصيبت عن طريق التقطير بالعين ب (240) CFU من جراثيم الباستوريلا مالتوسيدا, والمجموعة الثالثة (6) ارانب عدت كمجموعة سيطرة. أجريت الصفة التشريحية على الحيوانات الهالكة والمقتولة بعد 24, 48ساعة وكذلك3, 6, 9, 30 يوم بعد الاصابة.اوضحت النتائج ظهور الخمول والافرازات الانفية والعينية وموت بعض الحيوانات بعد 48-72 ساعة بعد الاصابة. وبين الفحص العياني للحيوانات الهالكة والمقتولة وجود نزف في المجرى التنفسي العلوي مع التهاب الخلب و التامور الليفيني مع وجود النفاخ في الرئة في حيوانات المجموعة الاولى اما حيوانات المجموعة الثانية عانت من عتامة وتورم العين في بعض الحيوانات أضافتا لما وجد في حيوانات المجموعة الاولى وقد تم عزل جرثومة الباستوريلا مالتوسيدا من كافة الاعضاء الداخلية للحيوانات المصابة.وكانت الافات النسيجية المرضية في حيوانات المجموعة الاولى اكثر شدة من المجموعة الثانية حيث تركزت في المجرى التنفسي العلوي والسفلي والمتمثلة بالتهاب الرغامي النزفي مع التهاب الرئة الليفيني, اما الكلية فاظهرت زريدة خلوية الكبيبة مع تنكس ظهارة النبيبات الكلوية بالاضافة الى التهاب الكبد و الدباق البؤري في متن الدماغ. نستنتج من ذلك بأن الاصابة عن طريق التنفس هي الأكثر تأثيرا وتركزت الغيرات المرضية في الجهاز التنفسي حيث تمثلت بالتهاب الرئة والجنب الليفيني.

Pasteurella multocida --- Rabbit --- intranasal --- intraocular

The aim of the study was to explore the clinical and anatomical changes occured after Sciatic nerve section in the weaning age in rabbits. Twenty-five rabbits were used in this study ranging from 1-2.5 months. Divided into five subgroups according to the number of survival days (W7) (W14) (W30) (W60) (W90). Surgery was performed under general anesthesia. The nerve was sectioned using a small surgical scissor. Clinicalay few days later, the sign of right hind paws paralysis was observed clearly. The results revealed of a gap formation between the two nerve stumps [proximal and distal], and the gap increases on the day fourteenth.During the following two weeks, ulcers began to appear in the skin at the dorsal side of the ankle joint, and there was also an enlarged popliteal lymph node. Within 30-60 days another area was invaded by ulcer with or without bone exposure, the anterior part of the posterior side of the hind limb. After 90 days, there was severe ulceration and bone exposure with enlarged lymph nodes and the ulceration extended to the ventral side of the hindlimb. Results showed a gradual worsening of the condition and without improvement in peripheral nerves.

الهدف من هذه الدراسة هو معرفة التغيرات السريرية والتشريحية التي تحدث بعد قطع العصب الوركي في عمر الفطام في الارانب. استعملت 25 أرنبا في هذه الدراسة تتراوح اعمارهم مابين 1-2.5 شهر. تم تقسيمها إلى خمس مجموعات فرعية وفقا لعدد ايام بقائها بعد العملية (W7) (W14) (W30) (W60) (W90) .أجريت العمليات الجراحية تحت تأثير التخدير العام. تم قطع العصب بواسطة مقص جراحي صغير. سريرياً وبعد بضعة أيام، لوحظ بوضوح وجود شلل في الطرف الخلفي الأيمن. وكشفت النتائج عن وجود فجوة بين نهايتي الأعصاب المقطوعة [الدانية والقاصية]،وتزداد الفجوة في اليوم الرابع عشر. وخلال الأسبوعين التاليين بدأ ظهورتقرح في الجلد من الجانب الظهري من مفصل الكاحل، كما لوحظ ان هناك تضخم في العقدة اللمفاوية المأبضية. وخلال فترة 30-60 يوما غُزِيت منطقة أخرى بالقرحة مع أو بدون تعري للعظام، وهي الجزء الأمامي من الجانب الظهري من الطرف الخلفي. وفي يوم 90، كان هناك تقرح شديد وتعري العظام مع تضخم العقد الليمفاوية وأمتد التقرح إلى الجانب البطني للطرف الخلف. دلت النتائج على تردي الحالة بصورة تدريجية وعدم وجود تحسن في الاعصاب الطرفية.

: Sciatic nerve --- weaning age --- rabbit.

Background: Bone healing of fractures is still an open field for research due to its biological complexity. Adequately adapted experimental model is essential for understanding the factors influencing the biological process of bone healing. Rabbits provide a good animal model for bone healing studies; its bone had Haversian system similar to human.
Material and Methods: Six young locally breaded New Zeeland male rabbits were used in this study, the study conducted in animal house in college of medicine at November and December 2009. Surgical fracture (osteotomy) induced operatively in right ulna under general anesthesia by a hand saw. At the end of fifth weeks, the animals' scarified and the specimens taken for radiological, computerized tomography (CT) scan densimetry and histological examination carried out for bone healing in site of osteotomy
Results: All bone osteotomy united at end of fifth weeks macroscopically and radiologically. There was no significant difference in serum calcium, serum phosphate, and serum alkaline phosphatase preoperatively and at end of fifth weeks. The callus density was measured in site of osteotomy by CT scan densimetry and its mean was 302 ± 142. The histological examination of the bone at site of osteotomy show healing with woven bone predominantly with some lamellar bone and cartilage. Conclusion: The present study demonstrated that the ulnar osteotomy without use of external splintage or internal fixation model is a new, easy to perform and can be used as a model for fractures healing studies.

rabbit --- ulna --- osteotomy --- and bone healing.