In this research, the sediments transport and how to compute their amounthave been studied in Kirkuk irrigation channel. Empirical methods forcomputing sediments discharge in the channel have been discussedemphasizing on six methods (Blench, Graf, Laursen, Yang, Inglis- Lasey andEngelurd–Hansen). The applications of these methods required the selectionof (24) sections along the channel in order to measure the hydraulicparameters of the different cross sections in addition to the slope alongthe channel. Samples of water sediments have been taken at each section inaddition to bed samples.The research introduces an equation for computing sediment load inKirkuk irrigation channel depending on the data of (14) sections in thechannel using statistic- MS program.The validity of this equation has been verified with the application tothe remaining (10) sections data in the channel and the results are very closeto the field measurements .

في هذا البحث تم دراسة حركة الرسوبيات وحساب كمياتها في قناة ري كركوك حيث تم اختيار٢٤ ) موقعا" لقياس التصريف ورصد المقطع العرضي له واخذ نماذج من مياه كل مقطع )ونماذج من القعر، استخدمت ستة طرق لحساب تصريف الر سوبيات في القناة وهذه الطرق هيكذالك ( Blanch, Graf, Laursen, Yang , Inglis-Lacey, Engelund and Hanse )تضمن البحث التوصل إلى معادلة خاصة لحساب حمل الرسوبيات بالاعتماد على معلوماتثم التحقق من صحة هذه ( Statistica - Ms ) لأربعة عشر مقطع في القناة وباستخدام برنامجالمعادلة وذلك بتطبيقها على المقاطع العشرة الباقية من القناة وكانت النتائج جيدة

sediment transport

In this article we present theoretical treatment for electron transport through one scattering region attached to donor and left lead in the left side, while in the right side attached to acceptor and right lead. Our treatment is based on the time-dependent Anderson – Newns Hamiltonian. The equations of motion are derived for all subsystems then the stationary state is considered to obtain analytical expression for the transmission probability as a function of system energies. The scattering region consists of one, two or three quantum dots. The subsystems eigen values, the coupling interaction between them as well as the leads band width all are taken into consideration and highlighted.

في هذا البحث تم تقديم معالجة لنظرية لنقل الألكترون خلال منطقة أستطارة واحدة رُبطت بواهب وقطب أيسر في الجانب الأيسر بينما في الجانب الأيمن ربطت بمستقبل وقطب أيمن. بنيت معالجتنا على هاملتونين أندرسون-نيونز المعتمد على الزمن. أُشتقت معادلات الحركة لكل أجزاء النظام ثم تم إعتبار الحالة المستقرة لإيجاد صيغة تحليلية لأحتمالية النفاذية كدالة لطاقات النظام. تتكون منطقة الأستطارة من واحد أو أثنان أو ثلاثة نقاط كمية. القيم الذاتية لأجزاء النظام وتفاعل الأقتران بينهما بالإضافة إلى عرض حزمة الأقطاب ثم أخذها جميعاً بنظر الأعتبار.

Quantum Dot --- transport properties

In this research we solved numerically Boltzmann transport equation in order to calculate the transport parameters, such as, drift velocity, W, D/ (ratio of diffusion coefficient to the mobility) and momentum transfer collision frequency m, for purpose of determination of magnetic drift velocity WM and magnetic deflection coefficient  for low energy electrons, that moves in the electric field E, crossed with magnetic field B, i.e; E×B, in the nitrogen, Argon, Helium and it's gases mixtures as a function of: E/N (ratio of electric field strength to the number density of gas), E/P300 (ratio of electric field strength to the gas pressure) and D/ which covered a different ranges for E/P300 at temperatures 300°k (Kelvin).The results showed had been tabulated and graphically represented as functions of their variables. These results a satisfactory agreement between experimental values and theoretical data given in the literature showed.

في هذا البحث تم حل معادلة الانتقال لبولتزمان عددياً لكي نحسب معاملات الانتقال مثل سرعة الجرف W، الطاقة المميزة D/ وتردد التصادم لإنتقال الزخم m لإيجاد سرعة الجرف المغناطيسي WM ومعاملات الانحراف المغناطيسي  للألكترونات الواطئة الطاقة التي تتحرك في مجال كهربائي E متعامد مع المجال المغناطيسي B، هذا يعني، E×B، في غاز النتروجين،الآركون، الهيليوم وأمزجتهم الغازية بوصفها دوالاً لـ E/N (شدة المجال الكهربائي إلى الكثافة العددية للغاز)، E/P (نسبة شدة المجال الكهربائي إلى ضغط الغاز)، الطاقة المميزة، والتي تغطي مديات مختلفة من E/P300 عند درجة حرارة 300°k (كلفن). إن النتائج التي تم الحصول عليها تمت جدولتها وتمثيلها بأشكال بيانية بوصفها دوالاً إزاء متغيراتها، وهكذا، أظهرت النتائج تطابقاً جيداً مع القيم العملية والمعطيات النظرية المنشورة عالمياً.

Boltzmann transport equation --- Electron energy distribution --- molecular transport data.

This study is an attempt to determine the suspended sediment transport of Shatt Al-Arab estuary (North west Arabian Gulf).Two dimensional time dependent hydrodynamics model coupled with sediment transport model were applied and solved numerically by using the explicit finite difference method, computer program used to simulate the flow and suspended sediment transport which shows a good agreement with the satellite image .The two cases of tide (spring and neap tides) were applied to the estuary ,which shows that the spring tide case was more verified than the neap tide case regarding the situation at the time the satellite image was taken .

هذه الدراسة هي محاوله لتعيين انتقال الرواسب العالقة في مصب شط العرب (شمال غرب الخليج العربي) .لقد طبق نموذج هيدروليكي ثنائي البعد متغير مع الوقت واقترن مع نموذج انتقال الرواسب وحل عدديا" باستخدام طريقه الفروقات المحددة الصريحة. اعد برنامج باستخدام الحاسوب لتمثيل الجريان وانتقال الرواسب العالقة . وقد لوحظ تطابق جيد مع ألصوره الفضائية .وقد طبقت حالتا المد الفيضي والمحاقي على المصب .وأظهرت الدراسة إن حالة المد الفيضي قد حققت تطابقا" أكثر من حالة المد المحاقي في الوقت الذي أخذت فيه ألصوره الفضائية .

Numerical model suspended sediment transport

This study aims to identify reasons for, and restrictions use public and private transport amongst university students and staff, to find out relationships amongst reasons for, and restrictions use public and private transport factors and some related to demographical characteristics factors. Data collection with sample size (147) concerning university students and staff who were from Engineering College, Mustansiriyah University in Baghdad city. Introduced special questionnaire for Sustainable Transport of containing 40 items distributed in several domains (Demographical characteristics, Journeys types, preventing you from using public transport, dictating your choice of transport, Initiatives would be to encourage sustainable use, and advertising methods would be to promote sustainable transport), and carried out by University of Bradford. Transportation methods shows with respect to subject travel to college, vast majority are focused with bus, and using special mass transport, then for leisure and visits, focused with taxi and walk, then for marketing, focused with walk and taxi, then for private work focused with taxi and bus. For preventing factors from using public transportation, all factors are recorded in at least at acceptable response scale. For choice of transportation, all factors are recorded in at least at acceptable response scale. For effective of encourage sustainable transport uses, all factors are recorded in at least at acceptable response scale, since relative sufficiency's coefficients of different factors have recorded values below the upper limit of mentioned scale. For Effective of advertising methods would be to promote sustainable transport, all advertising is recorded in at least at acceptable effective scale. Regarding to studied reasons for, and restrictions use public & private transport factors evaluated in light of distribution of some related variables of socio-demographical characteristics variables, shows weak relationships are illustrated, since no significant at P>0.05, except with age groups in contrast of preventing factors, and student's stages at advertising methods, since significant relationships are accounted at P<0.05, and P<0.01 respectively. Among main conclusions, most of studied individuals have a moderate to high Socio-Economic status, as well as vast majority concerning transport methods by bus, and car-sharing subjected travel to college, and taxi and walking subjected for leisure and visits, and walking and taxi subjected for marketing, while taxi and bus subjected for private work. For preventing factors from using public transport, transport choices, and effectiveness of encourage sustainable transport uses all studied factors are recorded in at least acceptable response scale. In addition to that, weak relationships are illustrated, among studied main factors of reasons for, and restrictions use public & private transport factors evaluated and some related variables of (SDCv.).

Educational Trips --- Sustainable Transport --- Private Transport --- Public Transport --- University Students Transportation